(Adapted from M. Elizabeth Haywood and Donald E. Wygal, Corporate Greed vs. IMAs Ethics Code, Strategic Finance, November 2004, 4549). The IMAs Statement of Ethical Professional Practice was designed to help finance professionals to link ethical perspectives directly to their ongoing workplace responsibilities. Unfortunately, some individuals may choose to act unethically and perhaps cause great harm to other individuals and organizations. In each of the following examples, determine which of the four standards of ethical conduct has been violated. Some examples may violate more than one standard.

a.	Douglas Faneuil was a Merrill Lynch brokerage assistant who was involved in Martha Stewarts sale of ImClone stock. During the investigation, he lied to federal investigators, saying that there was a standing order to sell the stock if the share price fell below $60. In return for lying, Mr. Faneuil reportedly received money, airplane tickets, and an extra weeks vacation.	Credibility/ Confidentiality/ Credibility and Integrity/ Competence and Confidentiality/ Integrity/Competence/Confidentiality and Integrity/Competence and Credibility/Competence, Credibility and Integrity/Competence and Integrity
b.	The day after Sam Waksal, ImClones CEO, learned that the Food and Drug Administration was not going to review ImClones application for approval of a new cancer drug, family members sold $10 million in ImClone stock. Mr. Waksal reportedly shared the information about the failed review with his family.	Competence, Credibility and Integrity/ Confidentiality/ Confidentiality and Integrity/ Credibility/ Competence and Credibility/ Competence and Confidentiality/ Competence and Integrity/ Credibility and Integrity/ Integrity/ Competence
c.	Scott Sullivan, WorldComs chief financial officer, recorded billions of dollars of operating expenses as capital assets. Depreciating these assets over time inflated the companys profits and hid the expenses from the companys auditors.	Competence and Credibility/ Confidentiality and Integrity/ Confidentiality/ Competence, Credibility and Integrity/ Competence and Confidentiality/ Competence and Integrity/ Credibility and Integrity/ Credibility/ Integrity/ Competence
d.	Adelphia co-signed loans of $3 billion with its founders, the Rigas family, who used the proceeds of the loans to purchase shares of Adelphia stock and other personal items. The family did not disclose the loans to the board of directors. When the companys auditors discovered the loans and asked the Rigases to report them to the board, the family refused. The auditors did not report the issue to Adelphias audit committee.	Credibility and Integrity/ Credibility/ Competence, Credibility and Integrity/ Competence and Integrity/ Confidentiality/ Competence/ Confidentiality and Integrity/ Integrity/ Competence and Confidentiality/ Competence and Credibility