ADMN 233 Assignment 4 Assignment 4 Instructions Assignment 4 is worth 20% of your final mark. It should be completed and submitted after you finish Chapter 13 in your textbook. This assignment is divided into three parts, corresponding to the topics in Unit 4 (Chapters 12 and 13) of the textbook. In this assignment, you will plan, research, and write a business report. Part 1: Analyze and Plan (20 marks) Part 2: Research and Organize (20 marks) Part 3: Write the Report (60 marks) As you have learned, business reports are more difficult to produce than other forms of professional correspondence. Reports vary in length, content, form, and level of formality. However, reports all have one common purpose: they attempt to answer questions and solve problems following an indirect or direct style. The writing tasks you will complete in this assignment are based on a real-world scenario. General Instructions 1. Read the scenario below and examine instructions carefully in order to understand the actions that you need to take. 2. Hand in all three parts of this assignment, including all questions and answers; number your questions and answers clearly. Submit all three parts of this assignment. 3. Think about your texts as you prepare to write them. Organize your information clearly in order to communicate to a reader efficiently. 4. Limit your answers to one sentence per mark, unless otherwise instructed. 5. Integrate the information you prepare in your initial reflection, analysis, and outline into your final text. Review the following pages in the Welcome and Orientation section of this course Web site before you complete this assignment: Marking Guide Questions of Style Applying the 3-x-3 Writing Process ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Instructions Nov 1/2013 Marking Guide Your marker will use the following five categories to assess your written assignments: In determining a grade for Content, markers look for evidence that you clearly understand the topic. have analyzed the topic completely (given the length and scope of the assignment). are aware of your audience and purpose. use appropriate quotations (where relevant). use original ideas and expression. provide appropriate evidence of reading and research (where relevant). In determining a grade for Organization, markers look for clear, appropriate, and logical structure within each paragraph and within the whole assignment. an appropriate thesis statement and good main ideas at the paragraph level. an introduction and conclusion (as sentences at the paragraph level; as paragraphs at the essay level). effective transitions within sentences, between sentences, and between paragraphs. a variety of sentence structures. your awareness of the audience. In determining a grade for Mechanics, markers look for correct spelling. correct punctuation and capitalization. legible writing or readable text formatting. In determining a grade for Grammar, markers look for correct application of grammar rules. proper syntax. In determining a grade for Style, markers look for evidence that you are sure and in control as a writer. adopt an appropriate stance. chose a style appropriate to the content, subject, purpose, and audience. present an effective voice that is consistent and sustained. use imagination, creativity, intent, and innovation effectively. use appropriate expression and vocabulary. adhere to appropriate rhetorical principles and format. Questions of Style ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Instructions Nov 1/2013 What is Good Writing? Good writing for organizations is clear, concise, simple, and to the point. Clear communication in organizations demands good writing that uses direct sentences. Begin with a subject, followed by an active verb and an object (subject + verb + object) communicates ideas, facts, and feelings to a reader clearly and without overstatement communicates information using a minimum number of words to make a point uses words for their precise meaning leaves no doubt or confusion in the reader's mind about the intent of a message describes the course of action the writer wants the reader (or group of readers) to follow lets ideas and facts speak for themselves, rather than drawing attention to the writer's style guides readers through complex information using graphic charts and images organizes information with headings as reference points uses typography and text formatting to guide the reader uses parallelism to create coherent patterns and provide balance to a text. What is Poor Writing? Poor writing for organizations emphasizes nouns, pronouns, and adjectives, rather than active verbs uses indirect sentence constructions, passive voice, and filler expressions such as \"there is\" or \"it is said that\" includes vague abstract noun concepts. Applying the 3-x-3 Writing Process This course teaches a systematic approach to writing; these important steps will help you ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Instructions Nov 1/2013 produce professional texts and documents. With practice, this process will become routine, allowing you to approach writing tasks with confidence. Your course textbook uses a model called the 3-x-3 writing process. In this course, the lessons, assignments, and final examination require that you reflect and think about prewriting, writing, and revising. Phase 1: Prewriting (Preparing to Write) 1.Analyze the situation that you confront. What do you want to communicate to a reader or to a group of readers? What does a reader need to know, do, or think about? How can you communicate this information effectively, clearly, and directly? Can your reader or readers act on the information you communicate in a way that provides the results you hoped for? 1. Sort out facts, ideas, and feelings that you need to clarify before you start writing. 2. Gather the information you need. Phase 2: Writing (Work with Key Information Your Reader Requires) 1.Organize key information into a loose outline. 2.Check your outline to ensure it presents key information most effectively. 3.Write as clearly and concisely as possible. 4.Learn to recognize several styles for writing business correspondence, including author-centred writing (\"I\" view) and reader-centred writing (\"you\" view) direct text construction (to-the-point) and indirect text construction (delayed impact) informative style (factual) and persuasive style (opinionated) descriptive writing (\"as is\") and reflective writing (\"as could or should be\") formal (professional) and informal (cordial) tone. 1. Learn to format different types of texts into memos, letters, and short reports, including internal and external memos informative and persuasive memos good news and bad news letters request and reply letters testimonial and sales letters analytical and informative reports. Phase 3: Revising (Make Your Text Clear, Concise, Organized, and Readable) 1.Proofread your text for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 2.Evaluate your text to consider whether it meets the goal you want it to reach. ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Instructions Nov 1/2013 Citing Sources In Parts 2 and 3 of Assignment 4, each time you use another writer's words or ideas, provide an in-text citation and a complete reference in a reference list at the end of your paper. ADMN 233 encourages you to use American Psychological Association (APA) style. APA citation is a two-step process: 1. Cite the original source of the material(s) that you've quoted or paraphrased in the text of your work (in-text citation). 2. Cite the original source of the material(s) in your list of references. The list of references appears at the end of your work. Appendix B of your textbook provides valuable information about using APA style for documentation. Refer to Figure B.3 on page B-4 and Figure B.4 on page B-5 near the end of your textbook. Citation is not required for Part 1 of Assignment 4. All questions and writing tasks in Assignment 4 are based on the following workplace scenario. Topic: Video Conferencing Video conferencing is an advanced communication technology that uses specialized video and computer equipment to establish real-time communication links between people in distant locations. Video conferencing helps remote participants be present at a meeting through technological media such as satellite, telephone, and the Internet. Video and sound help communicate the essence of body language. The technology for video conferencing can be sophisticated or relatively simple, depending on whether the virtual meeting is held in a very formal or informal setting, how many people interact in a meeting, and the quality of sound, text, and video transmission required at the meeting. ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Instructions Nov 1/2013 Organizations relying on video conferencing must carefully weigh the costs and benefits of conducting virtual meetings. Part 1 Analyze and Plan (Questions 1 to 9) 20 marks Refer as needed to material in Chapters 12 and 13. Read the instructions carefully and answer all questions clearly and concisely. Include examples to highlight your comments. Scenario 1: You are the Director of Communications at the Management Group, a large Canadian organization specializing in corporate accounting located in Ottawa, Ontario. This corporation employs over 700 employees who provide accounting services to large pension funds, to foundations, and to other institutional investors located throughout Canada. Your responsibilities in this institution are numerous. Among these, you are to inform the Board of Directors about emerging communications technology that can enhance corporate communications and to advise the board about purchasing new technology. Board members include bankers, lawyers, and fund managers. Most are men and women in their fifties and sixties who are accustomed to travelling long distances to attend meetings throughout the country. This particular group of individuals generally hesitates to adopt any new communications technology. These people are nevertheless aware of the rapid expansion of the company into every major Canadian city, the increasing need to keep in touch regularly with company representatives in every province, and the increasing travel costs of getting employees to and from Ottawa headquarters. While they are receptive to the idea of using video conferencing as a new communications tool in their organization, they know very little about the costs and benefits of investing in new communications technology. Pat Caring, Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the Management Group, asked you to provide her a three-page justification/recommendation report discussing the benefits of video conferencing. 1. Explain the purpose of this report by formulating a clear, concise statement of purpose. Consult pages 279 and 280 in your textbook to decide what you must tell your readers in order for them to act on your recommendation(s). This statement should answer the following questions: What? To whom? Why? (2 marks) 2. Describe the target audience for this report. Be specific. (1 mark) 3. Describe at least two things that your readers likely already know about this topic. Be specific. (2 marks) 4. Write five different points that relate to the topic. Use complete sentences. (5 marks) 5. Indicate whether you plan to write an informational report or an analytical report that is persuasive in nature for the Management Group, and give the reasons you prefer one type of report type over the other. (2 marks) 6. Explain whether you plan to use a direct pattern or an indirect pattern to structure your report, and give the reasons you prefer one pattern over the other. (2 marks) 7. Indicate whether you plan to use a letter, memo, or manuscript format to write this report, and give the reasons you prefer one format over another. (2 marks) ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Instructions Nov 1/2013 8. Explain whether you plan to use a formal or informal writing style for this report. Explain your choice. (2 marks) 9. State whether you should rely on primary and secondary data (or just one type of data and information source) to complete this report. Explain your choice. (2 marks) Part 2 Research and Organize (Questions 10 to 13) 20 marks Refer as needed to the material in Chapters 12 and 13 of the textbook. Keep the following tips in mind as you research data, as well as organize, analyze, interpret, and illustrate these data: Use the Internet, Athabasca University Library, or your local library to search for information about video conferencing. Do not use Infotrac, the textbook publisher's search engine, for this report. Athabasca University does not provide technical support for this service. Gather relevant information about the five points you wrote about in Part 1, question 4 in the form of articles, Web site material, or other literature. In other words, collect five sources of literature on this subject. Focus specifically on information that can help you identify the problem you need to inform your audience aboutthat is to say, the value of investing in video conferencing. 10. Describe key aspects of this information using complete sentences. In addition, explain how this information is relevant to the report you plan to write. (5 marks) 11. Cite these five sources of information in APA style. Refer to pages B-4 and B-5 in Appendix B at the end of your textbook. (5 marks) 12. Once you have collected information about the topic of your report and assessed it for relevance and usefulness, create an outline for your report. Refer to Figure 6.3 Two Outlining Formats on page 117 in your textbook to decide whether you wish to format your report using an alphanumeric or decimal outline. Remember to transfer this outline to your report in Part 3 of this assignment. (5 marks) 13. Create at least one table, chart, or illustration to summarize key information for one of the topics you have selected, and present it. Copy and paste this graphic into the text box below. (5 marks) Do not copy or paste a table, chart, or illustration from a Web site or other external source. Use simple program commands in your word processor to create a simple table. Alternatively, use design features to create a table that highlights key information with arrows or captions. If possible, use more sophisticated spreadsheet programs to create more complex charts. Focus on one specific issue or topic. Write a caption or heading using bolded capital letters to explain this visual information. Refer to pages 301 and 302 in your textbook to review how to ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Instructions Nov 1/2013 incorporate graphics in a report and to pages 298 to 301 to learn to simplify complex ideas using graphics. Write a statement in your report to introduce your graphic. Remember to transfer this graphic to highlight parts of your report in Part 3 of this assignment. Example 1 - Chart Example 2 - Table THE VANCOUVER STREET FESTIVAL'S EXPENSES, 2006-2010 Part 3 14. THE VANCOUVER STREET FESTIVAL'S EXPENSES, 2006-2010 2010 $5,000 2009 $4,000 2008 $3,000 2007 $2,000 2006 $1,000 Write the Report (Question 14) 60 marks Refer as needed to the material in Chapters 12 and 13 in your textbook, notably pages 324 and 325, to write an analytical justification/recommendation report following a direct pattern. Consider your readers' interests. Decide what you must write in order for them to act on your recommendation. Think about the technology of video conferencing and how it can benefit your readers. Explore various formats of video conferencing and provide recommendations to your readers. Use the outline you developed in Part 2. Your headings must reflect your subject, points, information, and the purpose of your report. Refer to the sources you cited in Part 2 to build an argument in favour of the outcome you desire that your readers focus on and approve. ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Instructions Nov 1/2013 Include the graphic you designed in Part 2 to explain key information visually in page 2 or 3 of your report. Announce your recommendations concisely with action verbs. Explain more fully the benefits of your recommendations. Model your report on Figure 13.8 Justification/Recommendation Report: Direct Pattern on page 326 of your textbook, taking care to create your own content following your own outline. Do not plagiarize other people's text, content, or outline! Address this report to Pat Caring, Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the Management Group. Ensure that your report is 3 to 4 double-spaced pages in length (900 to 1200 words), including a reference list. Do not include a cover page. Provide in-text citations and a reference list on the last page, following APA style. Appendix B of your textbook provides valuable information about using APA style for documentation. Refer to Figure B.3 on page B-4 and Figure B.4 on page B-5 near the end of your textbook. Submit your report only when you are confident that you have revised your draft versions and made appropriate corrections to your text. ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Instructions Nov 1/2013 ADMN 233 Assignment 4 Template Assignment 4 Instructions Assignment 4 is worth 20% of your final mark. It should be completed and submitted after you finish Chapter 13 in your textbook. This assignment is divided into three parts, corresponding to the topics in Unit 4 (Chapters 12 and 13) of the textbook. In this assignment, you will plan, research, and write a business report. Part 1: Analyze and Plan (20 marks) Part 2: Research and Organize (20 marks) Part 3: Write the Report (60 marks) As you have learned, business reports are more difficult to produce than other forms of professional correspondence. Reports vary in length, content, form, and level of formality. However, reports all have one common purpose: they attempt to answer questions and solve problems following an indirect or direct style. The writing tasks you will complete in this assignment are based on a real-world scenario. General Instructions 1. Read the scenario below and examine instructions carefully in order to understand the actions that you need to take. 2. Hand in all three parts of this assignment, including all questions and answers; number your questions and answers clearly. Submit all three parts of this assignment. 3. Think about your texts as you prepare to write them. Organize your information clearly in order to communicate to a reader efficiently. 4. Limit your answers to one sentence per mark, unless otherwise instructed. 5. Integrate the information you prepare in your initial reflection, analysis, and outline into your final text. Review the following pages in the Welcome and Orientation section of this course Web site before you complete this assignment: Marking Guide Questions of Style Applying the 3-x-3 Writing Process ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 Marking Guide Your marker will use the following five categories to assess your written assignments: In determining a grade for Content, markers look for evidence that you clearly understand the topic. have analyzed the topic completely (given the length and scope of the assignment). are aware of your audience and purpose. use appropriate quotations (where relevant). use original ideas and expression. provide appropriate evidence of reading and research (where relevant). In determining a grade for Organization, markers look for clear, appropriate, and logical structure within each paragraph and within the whole assignment. an appropriate thesis statement and good main ideas at the paragraph level. an introduction and conclusion (as sentences at the paragraph level; as paragraphs at the essay level). effective transitions within sentences, between sentences, and between paragraphs. a variety of sentence structures. your awareness of the audience. In determining a grade for Mechanics, markers look for correct spelling. correct punctuation and capitalization. legible writing or readable text formatting. In determining a grade for Grammar, markers look for correct application of grammar rules. proper syntax. In determining a grade for Style, markers look for evidence that you are sure and in control as a writer. adopt an appropriate stance. chose a style appropriate to the content, subject, purpose, and audience. present an effective voice that is consistent and sustained. use imagination, creativity, intent, and innovation effectively. use appropriate expression and vocabulary. adhere to appropriate rhetorical principles and format. Questions of Style ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 What is Good Writing? Good writing for organizations is clear, concise, simple, and to the point. Clear communication in organizations demands good writing that uses direct sentences. Begin with a subject, followed by an active verb and an object (subject + verb + object) communicates ideas, facts, and feelings to a reader clearly and without overstatement communicates information using a minimum number of words to make a point uses words for their precise meaning leaves no doubt or confusion in the reader's mind about the intent of a message describes the course of action the writer wants the reader (or group of readers) to follow lets ideas and facts speak for themselves, rather than drawing attention to the writer's style guides readers through complex information using graphic charts and images organizes information with headings as reference points uses typography and text formatting to guide the reader uses parallelism to create coherent patterns and provide balance to a text. What is Poor Writing? Poor writing for organizations emphasizes nouns, pronouns, and adjectives, rather than active verbs uses indirect sentence constructions, passive voice, and filler expressions such as \"there is\" or \"it is said that\" includes vague abstract noun concepts. Applying the 3-x-3 Writing Process This course teaches a systematic approach to writing; these important steps will help you ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 produce professional texts and documents. With practice, this process will become routine, allowing you to approach writing tasks with confidence. Your course textbook uses a model called the 3-x-3 writing process. In this course, the lessons, assignments, and final examination require that you reflect and think about prewriting, writing, and revising. Phase 1: Prewriting (Preparing to Write) 1.Analyze the situation that you confront. What do you want to communicate to a reader or to a group of readers? What does a reader need to know, do, or think about? How can you communicate this information effectively, clearly, and directly? Can your reader or readers act on the information you communicate in a way that provides the results you hoped for? 1. Sort out facts, ideas, and feelings that you need to clarify before you start writing. 2. Gather the information you need. Phase 2: Writing (Work with Key Information Your Reader Requires) 1.Organize key information into a loose outline. 2.Check your outline to ensure it presents key information most effectively. 3.Write as clearly and concisely as possible. 4.Learn to recognize several styles for writing business correspondence, including author-centred writing (\"I\" view) and reader-centred writing (\"you\" view) direct text construction (to-the-point) and indirect text construction (delayed impact) informative style (factual) and persuasive style (opinionated) descriptive writing (\"as is\") and reflective writing (\"as could or should be\") formal (professional) and informal (cordial) tone. 1. Learn to format different types of texts into memos, letters, and short reports, including internal and external memos informative and persuasive memos good news and bad news letters request and reply letters testimonial and sales letters analytical and informative reports. Phase 3: Revising (Make Your Text Clear, Concise, Organized, and Readable) 1.Proofread your text for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 2.Evaluate your text to consider whether it meets the goal you want it to reach. ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 Citing Sources In Parts 2 and 3 of Assignment 4, each time you use another writer's words or ideas, provide an in-text citation and a complete reference in a reference list at the end of your paper. ADMN 233 encourages you to use American Psychological Association (APA) style. APA citation is a two-step process: 1. Cite the original source of the material(s) that you've quoted or paraphrased in the text of your work (in-text citation). 2. Cite the original source of the material(s) in your list of references. The list of references appears at the end of your work. Appendix B of your textbook provides valuable information about using APA style for documentation. Refer to Figure B.3 on page B-4 and Figure B.4 on page B-5 near the end of your textbook. Citation is not required for Part 1 of Assignment 4. ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 Part 1 Analyze and Plan (Questions 1 to 9) 20 marks Refer as needed to material in Chapters 12 and 13. Read the instructions carefully and answer all questions clearly and concisely. Include examples to highlight your comments. Questions/Tasks 1. Explain the purpose of this report by formulating a clear, concise statement of purpose. Consult pages 279 and 280 in your textbook to decide what you must tell your readers in order for them to act on your recommendation(s). This statement should answer the following questions: What? To whom? Why? (2 marks) 2. Describe the target audience for this report. Be specific. (1 mark) 3. Describe at least two things that your readers likely already know about this topic. Be specific. (2 marks) 4. Write five different points that relate to the topic. Use complete sentences. (5 marks) 5. Indicate whether you plan to write an informational report or an analytical report that is persuasive in nature for the Management Group, and give the reasons you prefer one type of report type over the other. (2 marks) 6. Explain whether you plan to use a direct pattern or an indirect pattern to structure your report, and give the reasons you prefer one pattern over the other. (2 marks) 7. Indicate whether you plan to use a letter, memo, or manuscript format to write this report, and give the reasons you prefer one format over another. (2 marks) 8. Explain whether you plan to use a formal or informal writing style for this report. Explain your choice. (2 marks) ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 9. State whether you should rely on primary and secondary data (or just one type of data and information source) to complete this report. Explain your choice. (2 marks) For Marker's Use: Part 1 Subtotal: ADMN233v11 /20 Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 Part 2 Research and Organize (Questions 10 to 13) 20 marks Refer as needed to the material in Chapters 12 and 13 of the textbook. Keep the following tips in mind as you research data, as well as organize, analyze, interpret, and illustrate these data: Use the Internet, Athabasca University Library, or your local library to search for information about video conferencing. Do not use Infotrac, the textbook publisher's search engine, for this report. Athabasca University does not provide technical support for this service. Gather relevant information about the five points you wrote about in Part 1, question 4 in the form of articles, Web site material, or other literature. In other words, collect five sources of literature on this subject. Focus specifically on information that can help you identify the problem you need to inform your audience aboutthat is to say, the value of investing in video conferencing. Questions/Tasks 10. Describe key aspects of this information using complete sentences. In addition, explain how this information is relevant to the report you plan to write. (5 marks) 11. Cite these five sources of information in APA style. Refer to pages B-4 and B-5 in Appendix B at the end of your textbook. (5 marks) 12. Once you have collected information about the topic of your report and assessed it for relevance and usefulness, create an outline for your report. Refer to Figure 6.3 Two Outlining Formats on page 117 in your textbook to decide whether you wish to format your report using an alphanumeric or decimal outline. Remember to transfer this outline to your report in Part 3 of this assignment. (5 marks) 13. Create at least one table, chart, or illustration to summarize key information for one of the topics you have selected, and present it. (5 marks) Do not copy or paste a table, chart, or illustration from a Web site or other external source. Use simple program commands in your word processor to create a simple table. Alternatively, use design features to create a table that highlights key information with arrows or captions. If possible, use more sophisticated spreadsheet programs to create more complex charts. Focus on one specific issue or topic. ADMN233v11 Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 Write a caption or heading using bolded capital letters to explain this visual information. Refer to pages 301 and 302 in your textbook to review how to incorporate graphics in a report and to pages 298 to 301 to learn to simplify complex ideas using graphics. Write a statement in your report to introduce your graphic. Remember to transfer this graphic to highlight parts of your report in Part 3 of this assignment. For Marker's Use: Part 2 Subtotal: ADMN233v11 /20 Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 Part 3 Write the Report (Question 14) 60 marks Questions/Tasks 14. Refer as needed to the material in Chapters 12 and 13 in your textbook, notably pages 324 and 325, to write an analytical justification/recommendation report following a direct pattern. Consider your readers' interests. Decide what you must write in order for them to act on your recommendation. Think about the technology of video conferencing and how it can benefit your readers. Explore various formats of video conferencing and provide recommendations to your readers. Use the outline you developed in Part 2. Your headings must reflect your subject, points, information, and the purpose of your report. Refer to the sources you cited in Part 2 to build an argument in favour of the outcome you desire that your readers focus on and approve. Include the graphic you designed in Part 2 to explain key information visually in page 2 or 3 of your report. Announce your recommendations concisely with action verbs. Explain more fully the benefits of your recommendations. Model your report on Figure 13.8 Justification/Recommendation Report: Direct Pattern on page 326 of your textbook, taking care to create your own content following your own outline. Do not plagiarize other people's text, content, or outline! Address this report to Pat Caring, Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the Management Group. Ensure that your report is 3 to 4 double-spaced pages in length (900 to 1200 words), including a reference list. Do not include a cover page. Provide in-text citations within your report and a reference list on the last page, following APA style. Appendix B of your textbook provides valuable information about using APA style for documentation. Refer to Figure B.3 on page B-4 and Figure B.4 on page B-5 near the end of your textbook. Submit your report only when you are confident that you have revised your draft versions and made appropriate corrections to your text. For Marker's Use: Part 3 Subtotal: Total Assignment: ADMN233v11 /60 /100% Assignment 4 Template Nov 1/2013 Chapter 12 Preparing To Write Business Reports Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Process and Product, 5e Copyright 2006 What Are Business Reports? Business reports are systematic attempts to answer questions and solve problems. They include the following activities. Planning Planning Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, What Are Business Reports? Business reports are systematic attempts to answer questions and solve problems. They include the following activities. Planning Planning Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, What Are Business Reports? Business reports are systematic attempts to answer questions and solve problems. They include the following activities. Planning Planning Research Research Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, What Are Business Reports? Business reports are systematic attempts to answer questions and solve problems. They include the following activities. Planning Planning Research Research Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, What Are Business Reports? Business reports are systematic attempts to answer questions and solve problems. They include the following activities. Planning Planning Research Research Organization Organization Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, What Are Business Reports? Business reports are systematic attempts to answer questions and solve problems. They include the following activities. Planning Planning Research Research Organization Organization Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, What Are Business Reports? Business reports are systematic attempts to answer questions and solve problems. They include the following activities. Planning Planning Research Research Organization Organization Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Presentation Presentation Ten Truths About Business Reports 1. Everyone writes reports. 2. Most reports flow upward. 3. Most reports are informal. 4. Three report formats (memo, letter, and manuscript) are most common. 5. Reports differ from memos and letters. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Ten Truths About Business Reports 6. Today's reports are written on computers. 7. Some reports are collaborative efforts. 8. Ethical report writers interpret facts fairly. 9. Organization is imposed on data. 10. The writer is the reader's servant. 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Organization IfIfreaders readers are areinformed informed IfIfreaders readers are aresupportive supportive IfIfreaders readers are areeager eagerto to have haveresults resultsfirst first Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers are areinformed informed IfIfreaders readers are aresupportive supportive IfIfreaders readers are areeager eagerto to have haveresults resultsfirst first Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers are areinformed informed IfIfreaders readers are aresupportive supportive Direct DirectPattern Pattern IfIfreaders readers are areeager eagerto to have haveresults resultsfirst first Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers are areinformed informed IfIfreaders readers are aresupportive supportive Direct DirectPattern Pattern IfIfreaders readers are areeager eagerto to have haveresults resultsfirst first Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers are areinformed informed IfIfreaders readers are aresupportive supportive IfIfreaders readers are areeager eagerto to have haveresults resultsfirst first Report Report Direct DirectPattern Pattern -----Main -----MainIdea Idea--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be educated educated Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be educated educated Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be educated educated Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be educated educated Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be educated educated Report Report Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Main -----MainIdea Idea------- Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization Report Report IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Main -----MainIdea Idea------- Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization Report Report Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Main -----MainIdea Idea------- Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be educated educated IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be educated educated IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be educated educated IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be educated educated IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Audience Analysis and Report Organization IfIfreaders readers need needto tobe be educated educated IfIfreaders readers need needtotobe be persuaded persuaded IfIfreaders readers may maybe behostile hostile or ordisappointed disappointed Report Report Indirect IndirectPattern Pattern -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Main -----MainIdea Idea------- Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Applying the Writing Process to Reports Step 1 Analyze the problem and purpose. Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Anticipate the audience and issues. Prepare a work plan. Implement your research strategy. Organize, analyze, interpret, illustrate the data. Step 6 Compose the first draft. Step 7 Revise, proofread, and evaluate. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Work Plan for a Formal Report Statement of problem Statement of purpose Sources and methods of data collection Tentative outline Work schedule Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Researching Report Data Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Researching Report Data Locating secondary print data Books - card catalog, online catalog Periodicals - print indexes, CD-ROM indexes Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Researching Report Data Locating secondary electronic data Electronic databases The Internet World Wide Web search tools Google Ask Jeeves MSN search Yahoo! Evaluating Web sources How current is the information? How credible is the author or source? What is the purpose of the site? Do the facts seem reliable? Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Researching Report Data Tips for searching the Web Use two or three search tools. Understand case sensitivity. Prefer uncommon words. Omit articles and prepositions. Use wild cards. Know your search tool. Learn basic Boolean search strategies. Bookmark the best pages. Be persistent. Repeat your search a week later. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Researching Report Data Researching primary data Surveys Interviews Observation Experimentation Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Illustrating Report Data Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Illustrating Report Data Functions of graphics To clarify data To condense and simplify data To emphasize data Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Illustrating Report Data Forms and objectives of graphics Table To show exact figures and values Class Agree Disagree Undecided Seniors 738 123 54 Juniors 345 34 76 Sophomores 123 234 78 Freshmen 45 567 123 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Illustrating Report Data Forms and objectives of graphics Bar chart To compare one item with others 48 47 46 45 Enrollees 44 43 42 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Illustrating Report Data Forms and objectives of graphics Line chart To demonstrate changes in quantitative data over time Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Illustrating Report Data Forms and objectives of graphics Pie graph To visualize a whole unit and the proportion of its components Disagree 28% Strongly Disagree 38% Agree 13% Strongly Agree 18% No Opinion 3% Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Illustrating Report Data Forms and objectives of graphics Flow chart To display a process or procedure Receive Test Repair Re-box Re-stock Floor Shelves Ship Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Illustrating Report Data Forms and objectives of graphics Organization chart To define a hierarchy of elements Charles Eubank President William Dixon Joan Williams Wayne Lu Vice President Sales Vice President Design Vice President Production Clarice Brown John Deleuze George LaPorte Manager Manager Foreman Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Illustrating Report Data Forms and objectives of graphics Photograph, map, illustration To create authenticity, to spotlight a location, and to show an item in use Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Pie Graph 2006 MPM INCOME BY DIVISION DVDs & Videos Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Pie Graph Use pie graphs to show a whole and the proportion of its components. Generally begin at the 12 o'clock position, drawing the largest wedge first. Computer software programs, however, may vary in placement of wedges. Include, if possible, the actual percentage or absolute value for each wedge. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Pie Graph Use four to eight segments for best results; if necessary, group small portions into one wedge called \"Other.\" Distinguish wedges with color, shading, or crosshatching. Keep all labels horizontal. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Vertical Bar Chart Figure 1 2006 MPM INCOME BY DIVISION Figure number Figure title 40 Millions of Dollars Scale value $32.2 30 $22.0 $24.3 20 10 0 Theme Parks Motion Pictures Videos Source: Industry Profiles (New York: DataPro, 2002), 225. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Scale captions Source note Bar Charts Bar charts make visual comparisons. They can compare related items, illustrate changes in data over time, and show segments as parts of wholes. Bar charts may be vertical, horizontal, grouped, or segmented. Avoid showing too much information, thus producing clutter and confusion. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Bar Charts The length of each bar and segment should be proportional. Dollar or percentage amounts should start at zero. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Documenting Data Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Documenting Data Reasons for crediting sources Strengthens your argument Gives you protection Instructs readers Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Documenting Data Learning what to document Another person's ideas, opinions, examples, or theory Any facts, statistics, graphs, and drawings that are not common knowledge Quotations of another person's actual spoken or written words Paraphrases of another person's spoken or written words Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Documenting Data Manual notetaking suggestions Record all major ideas from various sources on separate note cards. Include all publication data along with precise quotations. Consider using one card color for direct quotes and a different color for your paraphrases and summaries. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Documenting Data Electronic notetaking suggestions Begin your research by setting up a folder on your hard-drive that will contain your data. Create separate subfolders for major topics, such as Introduction, Body, and Closing. When on the Web or in electronic databases you find information you may be able to use, highlight (i.e., drag with your mouse) the passages you want to save, copy them (using control-c), paste them (using control-v) into documents that you will save in appropriate subfolders. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Documenting Data Be sure to include all publication data. Consider archiving on a Zip disk the Web pages or articles used in your research in case the data must later be verified. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Documenting Data Learn to paraphrase Read the original material carefully so that you can comprehend its full meaning. Write your own version without looking at the original. Do not repeat the grammatical structure of the original, and do not merely replace words of the original with synonyms. Reread the original to be sure you covered the main points but did not borrow specific language. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Documenting Data Two Documentation Formats Modern Language Association Author's name and page (Smith 100) placed in text; complete references in \"Works Cited.\" American Psychological Association Author's name, date of publication, and page number placed near text reference (Jones, 2000, p. 99). Complete references listed at end of report. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, End Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 12, Chapter 13 Organizing and Writing Typical Business Reports Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Process and Product, 5e Copyright 2006 Interpreting Data You're looking for Meanings Relationships Answers! Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Devices for Tabulating and Analyzing Data Tables - systematic columns and rows The Three Ms Mean - arithmetic average value Median - middle point in a range of values Mode - most frequently appearing value Correlations - relationships between variables Grids - intersecting rows and columns Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, A Statistical Problem The athletic department is collecting data on shoe sizes for players and assistants (some female). Here are the tennis shoe sizes for 20 people. 14 12 12 12 What is the mean? 12 12 What is the median? 12 11 What is the mode? 11 11 11 10 10 9 8 8 7 6 6 6 ---200 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, A Statistical Problem The athletic department is collecting data on shoe sizes for players and assistants (some female). Here are the tennis shoe sizes for 20 people. 14 12 12 12 Mean=10 12 12 What is the median? 12 11 What is the mode? 11 11 11 10 10 9 8 8 7 6 6 6 ---200 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, A Statistical Problem The athletic department is collecting data on shoe sizes for players and assistants (some female). Here are the tennis shoe sizes for 20 people. 14 12 12 12 Mean=10 12 12 Median=11 12 11 What is the mode? 11 11 11 10 10 9 8 8 7 6 6 6 ---200 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, A Statistical Problem The athletic department is collecting data on shoe sizes for players and assistants (some female). Here are the tennis shoe sizes for 20 people. 14 12 12 12 Mean=10 12 12 Median=11 12 11 Mode=12 11 11 11 10 10 9 8 8 7 6 6 6 ---200 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, A Statistical Problem The athletic department is collecting data on shoe sizes for players and assistants (some female). Here are the tennis shoe sizes for 20 people. 14 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 10 10 9 8 8 7 6 6 6 ---200 Mean=10 Median=11 Mode=12 How can such statistical values be important to report writers? Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Drawing Conclusions and Making Recommendations Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Tips for Writing Report Conclusions Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Tips for Writing Report Conclusions Interpret and summarize the findings. Tell what your findings (collected data) mean. Relate the conclusions to the report problem. Focus only on conclusions that help solve the original problem. Limit the conclusions to the data presented. Do not introduce new material. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Tips for Writing Report Conclusions Be objective. Avoid exaggerating or manipulating the data to prove a point. Use consistent criteria. In evaluating options, use the same criteria for each alternative. Enumerate each conclusion. Number and list each item. Present items in parallel form. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Tips for Writing Report Recommendations Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Tips for Writing Report Recommendations Suggest actions. Indicate specific procedures that can help solve the report problem. Focus on recommendations that are practical and agreeable. Suggest feasible actions that would be acceptable to this audience. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Tips for Writing Report Recommendations Present recommendations separately. Enumerate each in a statement beginning with a verb. If requested, indicate how the recommendations may be implemented. Some writers present detailed plans for executing the recommendations. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Tips for Writing Report Recommendations Conclusion: Survey results show that the biggest student complaint centered on long registration lines. Recommendation: Implement a registration reservation system in which students sign up for specific registration time slots. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Organizing Information Reader comprehension, not writer convenience, should govern report organization. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Possible Methods of Organization Time Arrange data by chronology: e.g., 2000, 2001, 2002. Component Arrange data by classifications: location, geography, division, product, or part. A report discussing company profits could be organized by each product. Importance Order data from most important to least important, or vice versa. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Possible Methods of Organization Criteria Arrange data by evaluative categories. In a report comparing fax equipment, organize by such areas as price, warranty, speed, print quality, etc. Convention Organize data according to prescribed categories. For example, proposals are organized by staff, budget, schedule, etc. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Structural Cues for Report Readers Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Structural Cues for Report Readers Introduction Discuss the purpose and significance of the report. Preview the main points and the order of development. Transitions however on the contrary therefore moreover Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Structural Cues for Report Readers Headings Write short but clear headings. Experiment with wording that tells who, what, when, where, and why. Include at least one heading per report page. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Structural Cues for Report Readers Headings Balance headings within levels. All headings at a given level should be grammatically similar; for example: Creating Team Motivation Treating Employees Like Customers (not Employees Should Be Treated Like Customers) Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Structural Cues for Report Readers Headings Integrate headings gracefully. Try to avoid repeating the exact wording of a heading in the following sentence. Also avoid using a heading as an antecedent to a pronoun. Avoid: CUSTOMER SURVEYS These are . . . Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Levels of Report Headings REPORT, REPORT,CHAPTER, CHAPTER,AND ANDPART PARTTITLES TITLES The Thetitle titleof ofaareport, report,chapter chapterheading, heading,or ormajor majorpart partshould should be becentered centeredin inall allcaps. caps. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Levels of Report Headings First-Level First-LevelSubheading Subheading Headings Headingsindicating indicatingthe thefirst firstlevel levelof ofdivision divisionare arecentered centered and andbolded. bolded.Whether Whetheraareport reportisissingle-spaced single-spacedor ordoubledoublespaced, spaced,most mostwriters writerstriple-space triple-space(leaving (leavingtwo twoblank blanklines) lines) before beforeand anddouble-space double-space(leaving (leavingone oneblank blankline) line)after afteraa first-level first-levelheading. heading. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Levels of Report Headings Second-Level Second-LevelSubheading Subheading Headings Headingsthat thatdivide dividetopics topicsintroduced introducedby byfirst-level first-level subheadings subheadingsare arebolded boldedand andbegin beginatatthe theleft leftmargin. margin.Most Most writers writersdouble-space double-space(leaving (leavingone oneblank blankline) line)after afteraasecondsecondlevel levelheading. heading. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Levels of Report Headings Third-Level Third-LevelSubheading. Subheading.Because Becauseititisispart partof ofthe the paragraph paragraphthat thatfollows, follows,aathird-level third-levelsubheading subheadingisisalso also called calledaaparagraph paragraphheading. heading.ItItshould shouldappear appearin inboldface boldface print. print. [Note: [Note:Indent Indentdouble-spaced double-spacedparagraphs. paragraphs.Don't Don'tindent indentsingle-spaced single-spacedparagraphs.] paragraphs.] Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Informational Reports Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Informational Reports Introduction Identify the report and its purpose. Present a brief overview of the report's organization, especially for longer reports. When readers are unfamiliar with the topic, briefly fill in the background details. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Informational Reports Body Group facts or findings into three to five roughly equal segments that do not overlap. Organize by time, component, importance, criteria, convention, or some other method. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Informational Reports Body Supply functional or talking heads (at least one per page) to describe each section. Use an informal, conversational writing style unless a formal tone is expected. Use bullets, numbered and lettered lists, headings, underlined items, and white space to enhance readability. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Informational Reports Summary/Conclusion When necessary, briefly review the main points and discuss what action will follow. If relevant, express appreciation or describe your willingness to provide further information. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Informational Reports Typical informational business reports Periodic reports Describe production, sales, shipping, service, and other recurring activities. Trip, convention, conference reports Describe an event, summarize three to five main points, itemize expenses, and estimate the event's value. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Informational Reports Typical informational business reports Progress and interim reports Explain continuing projects, including work completed, work in progress, future activities, and completion date. Investigative reports Examine problems and supply facts; provide little analysis. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Student Progress Report DATE: ~~~~~~ DATE: ~~~~~~ TO: ~~~~~~ TO: ~~~~~~ FROM: ~~~~~~ FROM: ~~~~~~ SUBJECT: ~~~~~~ SUBJECT: ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Background Background ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Work WorkCompleted Completed ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Student Progress Report ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ Page Page22 ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Work WorkTo ToBe BeCompleted Completed ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Analytical Reports Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Analytical Reports Introduction Explain why the report is being written. For research studies, include the significance, scope, limitations, and methodology of the investigation. Preview the report's organization. For receptive audiences, summarize the conclusions and recommendations. Mary Ellen Guffey, Business Communication: Ch. 13, Writing Analytical Reports Findings Discuss the pros