Airbus (a world leader in large commercial aircraft) is one of several companies developing electrically powered aircraft. In deciding when to introduce an electric airplane to the market, Airbus's main consideration should be:

a. The principle that early mover advantage is the key to success in new product markets

b. Recognition that risks are greatly reduced by waiting to see how technology and customer requirements will shape the emerging technology

c. Trading off early mover advantages against the benefits of waiting to the point when an established firm's resources and capabilities can maximize their effectiveness

d. The potential for early entry to establish dominant technical standards for electric planes