All of the following are changing structural characteristics found in the modern organization design EXCEPT 1. horizontal communication. 2. centralized top-down decision making. 3. autonomous work teams. 4. value-chain team-focused job design. When GE appointed Jeff Immelt-a white male and long-time GE executive-to succeed Jack Welch-also a white male-as their new CEO, GE was signaling what kind of strategy? 1. stability 2. stability with innovation 3. ambiguous change 4. strategic change Because of the belief that accounting based numbers such as ROI, ROE and EPS are not reliable indicators of a corporation's economic value, which method of coporate performance is now preferred? 1. shareholder value 2. basic earning power 3. pricelearnings ratio 4. profit margin Which of the following is NOT descriptive of the matrix structure? 1.People from functional units are often assigned on a temporary basis to product units. 2. Although employees often work on one or more product units, they maintain only one direct supervisor. 3. The matrix structure is very useful when the external environment is very uncertain. 4. The matrix structure can produce conflicts revolving around duties, authority, and resource allocation