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An experimental arrangement used for measuring the distribution of molecular speeds is shown below in the Figure 4.1. (a) Briefly explain how the apparatus operates.

An experimental arrangement used for measuring the distribution of molecular speeds is shown below in the Figure 4.1. (a) Briefly explain how the apparatus operates. [4] (b) Describe the observed distribution of molecules that appear on the screen. [6] Figure 4.1 4.2 In a metal, the valence electrons are not very strongly bound to individual atoms, and consequently travel rather freely throughout the volume of the metal. By treating these electrons as a "gas" that obeys the Fermi-Dirac distribution, show that the mean energy of the electrons is 3 5 th of the Fermi energy.

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