An investor is considering an investment that will pay $$2,190$ at the end of each year for the next $10$ years. He expects to earn a return of $12$ percent on his investment, compounded annually.

Required:

a$.$ How much should he pat today for the investment?

b$.$ How much should he pay if the investment returns are received at the beginning of each year?

$($For all requirements, do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount.$)$

b$.$ Present value of ordinary annuity