A(n) ______________ refers to a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people use to collect, analyze, and distribute useful information in organizations. a. database b. information system c. information technology d. Web browser Referring to Clayton Christensen's the article. The Rules of Innovation, which of the following is the least likely to make an innovation successful? a. Launch innovations in the low end of the market, as established competitors typically ignore these market segments. b. Disrupt the innovator's competitors. c. Help customers accomplish tasks more simply. d. Launch innovations that directly compete with the products of established competitors. Referring to information systems, which of the following statements is true about data and information? a. Data has meaning, while information has no meaning. b. Data is formatted, while information is not formatted. c. Information systems transform data into meaningful information. d. Information systems input information, which is converted into data. e. There is no difference between data and information. Which one of the following best describes the critical path of a PERT/CPM network? a. The sequence of activities between a project's start and finish that takes the longest time to complete b. The sequence of activities between a project's start and finish that has the maximum amount of activity slack c. The set of activity that has no precedence relationships d. The sequence of activities that has the lowest normal activity cost Which one of the following statements is most consistent with the concept of total quality management? a. Set goals for quality performance at the corporate management level only. b. Emphasize quality prevention rather than just quality control. c. Management should concentrate on process-design, not product-design issues. d. The marketing function and operations function should avoid interdepartmental communication so that each can become as efficient as possible. The primary difference between independent demand inventory and dependent demand inventory is a. Independent demand inventory must be managed while dependent demand inventory not managed. b. Independent demand inventory has uncontrollable demand characteristics while dependent demand inventory has more controllable demand characteristics. c. Independent demand inventory usually requires higher levels of inventory while dependent demand inventory usually requires lower levels of inventory. d. There is no real difference between independent demand inventory and dependent demand inventory