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Name three methods of grafting that are used in propagation of plants State two practices done during hardening-off of seedlings in a nursery bed. List two methods of budding used in crop propagation List four management practices carried out on a nursery bed Outline two importance of tissue culture in crop propagation Differentiate between a nursery bed and a seedling bed Give four advantages of under sowing in pasture production Give four advantages of under sowing in pasture production The diagram below shows a structure used in crop production: KYYVVYY- VYYYI VYYVYVY (a) Identify the structure above (b) Give a reason for carrying out each of the following practices in the structure shown above (i) Pricking out (ii) Hardening off (c) State three importance of the part labeled A in the above structure 10. (a) Describe the siting and establishment of a crop nursery (b) Explain management practices in a crop nursery 11. State four importance of thinning seedlings in the nursery bed 12. State the difference between a seedling bed and a seedbed. 13. Below is a diagram of a nursery for raising the seedlings Mocks Topics 1512. Briefly explain how sub-soil as a horizon in a soil profile can affect soil productivity 13. (a) What are the three aspects of light that are important to a farmer? (b) Mention three ways through which relative humidity affect crop production 14. The diagram labeled E and F below illustrates some type of soil structure. Study the diagrams carefully and answer the questions that follow: .8 (a) Identify the types of soil structure illustrated in diagrams E and F (b) Identify the parts labeled (i) and (ii) in diagram F (c) Outline the influence of physical characteristics of soil on its properties 15. State three physical characteristics of soil 16. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow Transitional zone a) State merits of horizon A b) State distinct features of horizon B c) What does the term transition zone refer to in soil profile i) Name horizon C and state its importance 17. Outline two ways temperature affects crop production 18. List four ways by which biological agents can enhance the process of soil formation 19. List four environmental factors that affect crop production in Kenya 20. Explain the role played by topography in soil formation 22. Mention two importance of parent's material in soil profile 23. Mention four ways of modifying soil temperature in crop production Mocks Topical Analysis eeducationgroup.com 5 24. a) Mention two factors that affect selectivity of herbicides b) Name two farming practice that cause water pollution 25. Give four factors that influence soil formation 26. State three properties of soil that is influenced by soil texture 27. Name any three agents of biological weathering CROP PRODUCTION I (LAND PREPARATION Land preparation entails the following farming practices. Land clearing or bush clearing tools, chemicals and equipment used. Primary cultivation, tools and equipment as machines used. Primary cultivation, tools and equipment as machines used. Secondary cultivation, tools and equipment used. Tertiary operations e.g. ridging, rolling and leveling. Sub-soiling, tools used and reasons for the same. Minimum tillage and reasons for the secure. The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly help and motivate the user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and farming practices: Give three factors that determine depth of ploughing during land preparation List four reasons for cultivating land before planting (a) What is minimum tillage? (b) Give four farming practices that help in achieving minimum tillage. A. (a) Describe the establishment of grass pasture from the time the land is ploughed using a mould board plough to the time the pasture is ready for grazing (b) Explain five practices that a farmer should carry out to ensure uniform germination of seeds (c) Describe five factors that determine the number of cultivations when preparing a seedbed State four physical conditions of the seedbed that need to be changed to facilitate germination State four importance of sub soiling as a tertiary operation Outline four advantages of rolling in seedbed preparation State four disadvantages of minimum tillageState two reasons for treating water for us on the farm State three reasons for draining swampy land before growing crops Use the diagram below of irrigation method to answer the questions that follow. a) Identify the method of irrigation ) State four advantages of the above irrigation system c) State three factors that determine the type of irrigation on the farm d) State two disadvantages of the above system of irrigation a) What is irrigation b) Outline three methods of irrigation 5. a) List four use of water on the farm b) Give four methods of harvesting water on the farm c) Outline the stages involved in water treatment process List any four uses of water in the farm State two types of irrigation used in Kenya Outline four disadvantages of cambered beds Describe the process of water treatment 9. Give four roles of drainage as a method of land reclamation 10 Name two types of water pumps which can be used in the farm 11. Name any four examples of working capital in maize production 12. List four types of water pumps which can be used in the farm 13. State four methods of drainage 14. Distinguish between a dam and a weir 15 How do the government control prices of essential farm produce 16. What is the difference between pumping and piping of water in the farm? 17. List four reasons of draining water logged soils before planting. Mocks Topical Analysis eeducationgroup.com 18. Give three Agricultural practices which lead to water pollution 19. The diagrams below illustrate some methods of irrigating crops in the field. Study the diagrams and answer the questions that follow: (a) Identify the methods used ; (i) A (ii) B (b) State two advantages of method A over method B (c) What material should be inserted at point T b) Name two farming practice that cause water pollution 20 Give four reasons for practicing irrigation 22. a) State four importance of water to plants b) State four reasons for treating water before use c) Describe water treatment system in a chemical treatment plant 23 Name four diseases caused to man by drinking untreated water 24. State the functions of the following chemicals as used in water treatment; (a) Chlorine. (b) Aluminum sulphate (Allum)1. State four advantages of applying lime in clay soil 2. a) Give the form in which the following elements are absorbed by crops i) Sulphur i) Nitrogen ii) Carbon iv) Magnesium b) List three effects of nitrogen to plants 3. Mr. Malombe of Shinyalu village prepared to top dress 10 hectares of nappier grass using sulphate of ammonia (21%N). Sulphate of ammonia is applied at rate of 150kg per hectare. Calculate a) The quantity of sulphate ammonia fertilizer the farmer will need for 10 hectares b) The number of 50kg bags of fertilizer he will purchase Give two disadvantages of using farmyard manure State four factors which influence the stage at which the crops are harvested A form four student was given a sample of a fertilizer with the following characteristics: (i) Grey in colour (ii) It is granular (iii) Causes no corrosion (iv) It is highly hygroscopic (v) It is neutral (a) Identify the fertilizer (b) At what stage of growth of maize should it be applied? (c) Calculate the amount of KO contained in 400kg of a compound fertilizer 25:10:5 7. State two pieces of information that soil sample should have before being taken to the laboratory for testing 8. A compound fertilizer bag has the labels 20-20-0. What do the figures stand for? 9. Give four functions of sulphur in crops 10. State four advantages of lining as a measure of soil improvement 11. State two methods of increasing soil PH 12. (a) State three factors that determine the amount of inorganic fertilizers needed to be applied to crops (b) What are the necessary precautions observed when carrying out soil sampling? 13. List three functions of nitrogen in crops 14. (a) Distinguish between fertilizer grade and fertilizer ratio (b) List four clements whose deficiency results into chlorosis in plants 15. The diagram below shows a method of soil sampling + Sampled site Mocks Topic XXXXXXXX 11 (a) Name the method illustrated in the diagram (b) State three precautions taken when collecting the soil for testing using the above method (c) Give four reasons why soil from the farm is tested 16. A farmer was advised to apply compound fertilizer 20-20-10 on an orchard measuring 20m X 10m at the rate of 80kg/ha. Calculate the amount of fertilizer the farmer would require for the orchard. (Show your working) 17. a) A compound of fertilizer has a fertilizer grade of 25:10:5.calculate the a mount of phosphorus fore sent in 400kg of this fertilizer b) The diagram below illustrate methods of collecting soil sample from a field X 10 Y X i) Identify the methods illustrated 1- ii) xx iii) State three importance of carrying out soil sampling and testing 18. (a) What is an incomplete compound fertilizer? (b) State four reasons why a maize crop continued showing deficiency of potassium despite applications recommended amount of potassic fertilizer 19. The diagram below shows a soil sampling method. 10. 12 B (a) Identify the method illustrated above (b) Name any two spots in a farm that should be avoided during sampling (c) Describe the steps followed while carrying out the exercise in (a) above