Antoine grants express authority to Ruth to enter contracts on his behalf. If Ruth discloses to third parties that she is an agent for Antoine, she has liability on a contract in all but which of the following situations?

Select one:

a.

Ruth cannot be held liable on a contract when she discloses she is Antoine's agent as long as the contract is within her scope of authority.

b.

Ruth guarantees that Antoine will perform the contract.

c.

Ruth co-makes a contract with Antoine.

d.

Ruth makes a contract in her own name.

e.

Ruth makes a contract within the scope of her authority and discloses that she is acting for Antoine.