Any new business takes a risk in starting, but according to Patricia Schaefer of the website Business Know-How, a lack of sufficient planning is a major reason why new companies fail soon after being founded. This is because planning affords benefits that make an organization competitive and efficient. Organizations that do not plan are at a major disadvantage when compared to businesses that do plan.

a. Discuss in what two ways planning can give KCA University competitive advantage and in what two ways planning can give KCA University efficiency. Use valid illustrations.

b. Explain any three roles managers are expected to play in organizational planning.