Application of legal rules

1 - the law and the facts

2 - the methods of reasoning employed in reaching the judgment

- syllogism

- argumentum a contrario

- analogy

3 - Burden of proof

4 - Presumptions

- statutory (legal) presumptions

- rebuttable presumptions

- presumption of innocence

- presumption of good faith

- presumption of ownership

- presumption of paternity

Irrefutable (conclusive) presumptions