Article:https://dtg.sites.fas.harvard.edu/GOLUB%20GILBERT%20WILSON%20(2009).pdf

Read and answer the following questions.

1. For each of the studies, how did Golub et al. (2009) operationally define the positive expectations? How did they operationally define the effect?
2. In experiments 1a and 1b, what were the independent variable(s)? What were the dependent variable(s)?
3. This article includes three different studies. In this case, what are the advantages to answering the research question using multiple methods?
4. On what basis did the authors conclude, "Our studies suggest that the affective benefits of negative expectations may be more elusive than their costs" (p. 280)?
5. Evaluate the external validity of the two experiments and one field study that Golub et al. (2009) conducted.
6. How good was the internal validity?