As preparation for the final research paper, formulate a theory about the correlation between a measurable dependent variable (the effect) and measurable independent variables (the causes). The topic area you need to consider is pay and performance in Major League Sports. Be sure to have at least two independent variables for proposed research paper. The topic proposal should include the following four items which serve as the foundation for the final research paper after instructor feedback is given. 1) Purpose Statement In one paragraph, state the correlation and identify the primary independent variables. State the correlation as in the following: The dependent variable _______ is determined by independent variables ________, _________, ________, and ________. Identify and defend the primary independent variable, or the variable believed to have the strongest impact on the dependent variable: The most important independent variable in this relationship is ________ because _________. 2) Definition of Variables For each variable, write a single definition paragraph talking about the variable. Paragraphs should be in this order: dependent variable, primary independent variable, and three independent variables. In addition to defining the independent variables, defend why each determines the dependent variable. For the primary independent variable, at least two research sources that discuss the variable also must be cited. These sources need not be technical documents but should contain evidence to justify the relationship between the primary independent variable and the dependent variable. List these sources in the Works Cited (reference) page. **Note: Citations from encyclopedias, Wikipedia, blogs, abstracts, or non-governmental websites are not acceptable research sources. 3) Data Description For each of the variables, at least 30 observations of cross-sectional or time-series data must be obtained. Thus for the final research paper, a data matrix that is at least 30 rows by numbers of variables must be presented. In one paragraph, identify the data sources and describe the data (e.g., which government agencies supply the data, which methods are used to compile them, when they were collected, etc.). 4) Works Cited Page The final page of the proposal should be a Works Cited page listing the two research sources for the primary independent variable and the data sources, with a separate citation for each table of data, including specific table numbers for each of the sources.
Data:
4.14 Team X1 Arizona Diamondbacks Atlanta Braves Baltimore Orioles Boston Red Sox Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox Cincinnati Reds Cleveland Indians Colorado Rockies Detroit Tigers Florida Marlins Houston Astros Kansas City Royals Los Angeles Angels Los Angeles Dodgers Milwaukee Brewers Minnesota Twins New York Mets New York Yankees Oakland Athletics Philadelphia Phillies Pittsburgh Pirates San Diego Padres San Francisco Giants Seattle Mariners St. Louis Cardinals Tampa Bay Rays Texas Rangers Toronto Blue Jays Washington Nationals League Wins Earned Run average (ERA) batting average (BA) Home Runs (HR) Stolen bases (SB) Errors Built Size Attendance Payroll X2 X3 X 4 X5 Xo X7 X8 X 9 X10 X 11 X12 NL 65 4.81 0.250 180 86 102 1998 49033 2.06 60.7 NL 91 3.56 0.258 139 63 126 1996 50091 2.51 84.4 AL 66 4.59 0.259 133 76 105 1992 48876 1.73 81.6 AL 89 4.20 0.268 211 68 111 1912 39928 3.05 162.7 NL 75 4.18 0.257 149 55 126 1914 41118 3.06 146.9 AL 88 4.09 0.268 177 160 103 1991 40615 2.19 108.3 NL 91 4.01 0.272 188 93 72 2003 42059 2.06 72.4 AL 69 4.30 0.248 128 91 110 1994 43345 1.39 61.2 NL 83 0.263 173 99 101 1995 50445 2.88 84.2 AL 81 4.30 0.268 152 69 109 2000 41782 2.46 122.9 NL 80 4.08 0.254 152 92 123 1987 36331 1.54 55.6 NL 76 4.09 0.247 108 100 103 2000 40950 2.33 92.4 AL 67 4.97 0.274 121 115 121 1973 40793 1.62 72.3 AL 80 4.04 0.248 155 104 113 1966 45050 3.25 105 NL 80 4.01 0.252 120 92 98 1962 56000 3.56 94.9 NL 77 4.58 0.262 182 81 101 2001 42200 2.78 81.1 AL 94 3.95 0.273 142 68 78 2010 40000 97.6 NL 79 3.70 0.249 128 130 87 2009 45000 2.56 132.7 AL 95 4.06 0.267 201 103 69 2009 52325 3.77 206.3 AL 81 3.56 0.256 109 156 99 1966 34077 1.42 51.7 NL 97 3.67 0.260 166 108 83 2004 43647 3.65 141.9 NL 57 5.00 0.242 126 87 127 2001 38496 1.61 NL 90 3.39 0.246 132 124 72 2004 42445 2.13 37.8 NL 92 3.36 0.257 162 55 73 2000 41503 3.04 97.8 AL 61 3.93 0.236 101 142 110 1999 47116 2.09 98.4 NL 86 3.57 0.263 150 79 99 2006 49660 3.3 93.5 AL 96 3.78 0.247 160 172 85 1990 36048 1.84 71.9 AL 90 3.93 0.276 162 123 105 1994 49115 2.51 55.3 AL 85 4.22 0.248 257 58 92 1989 50516 1.63 62.7 NL 69 4.13 0.250 149 110 127 2008 41888 1.83 61.4 milliolns millions Year Average X13 X 14 1989 $512,930 1990 $578,930 1991 $891,188 1992 $1,084,408 1993 $1,120,254 1994 $1,188,679 1995 $1,071,029 1996 $1,176,967 1997 $1,383,578 1998 $1,441,406 1999 $1,720,050 2000 $1,988,034 2001 ###### 2002 ###### 2003 ###### 2004 ###### 2005 ###### 2006 ###### 2007 ###### 2008 $3,154,845 2009 ###### 2010 ###### 3.22 34.9 4.14 Team X1 Arizona Diamondbacks Atlanta Braves Baltimore Orioles Boston Red Sox Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox Cincinnati Reds Cleveland Indians Colorado Rockies Detroit Tigers Florida Marlins Houston Astros Kansas City Royals Los Angeles Angels Los Angeles Dodgers Milwaukee Brewers Minnesota Twins New York Mets New York Yankees Oakland Athletics Philadelphia Phillies Pittsburgh Pirates San Diego Padres San Francisco Giants Seattle Mariners St. Louis Cardinals Tampa Bay Rays Texas Rangers Toronto Blue Jays Washington Nationals League Wins Earned Run average (ERA) batting average (BA) Home Runs (HR) Stolen bases (SB) Errors Built Size Attendance Payroll X2 X3 X 4 X5 Xo X7 X8 X 9 X10 X 11 X12 NL 65 4.81 0.250 180 86 102 1998 49033 2.06 60.7 NL 91 3.56 0.258 139 63 126 1996 50091 2.51 84.4 AL 66 4.59 0.259 133 76 105 1992 48876 1.73 81.6 AL 89 4.20 0.268 211 68 111 1912 39928 3.05 162.7 NL 75 4.18 0.257 149 55 126 1914 41118 3.06 146.9 AL 88 4.09 0.268 177 160 103 1991 40615 2.19 108.3 NL 91 4.01 0.272 188 93 72 2003 42059 2.06 72.4 AL 69 4.30 0.248 128 91 110 1994 43345 1.39 61.2 NL 83 0.263 173 99 101 1995 50445 2.88 84.2 AL 81 4.30 0.268 152 69 109 2000 41782 2.46 122.9 NL 80 4.08 0.254 152 92 123 1987 36331 1.54 55.6 NL 76 4.09 0.247 108 100 103 2000 40950 2.33 92.4 AL 67 4.97 0.274 121 115 121 1973 40793 1.62 72.3 AL 80 4.04 0.248 155 104 113 1966 45050 3.25 105 NL 80 4.01 0.252 120 92 98 1962 56000 3.56 94.9 NL 77 4.58 0.262 182 81 101 2001 42200 2.78 81.1 AL 94 3.95 0.273 142 68 78 2010 40000 97.6 NL 79 3.70 0.249 128 130 87 2009 45000 2.56 132.7 AL 95 4.06 0.267 201 103 69 2009 52325 3.77 206.3 AL 81 3.56 0.256 109 156 99 1966 34077 1.42 51.7 NL 97 3.67 0.260 166 108 83 2004 43647 3.65 141.9 NL 57 5.00 0.242 126 87 127 2001 38496 1.61 NL 90 3.39 0.246 132 124 72 2004 42445 2.13 37.8 NL 92 3.36 0.257 162 55 73 2000 41503 3.04 97.8 AL 61 3.93 0.236 101 142 110 1999 47116 2.09 98.4 NL 86 3.57 0.263 150 79 99 2006 49660 3.3 93.5 AL 96 3.78 0.247 160 172 85 1990 36048 1.84 71.9 AL 90 3.93 0.276 162 123 105 1994 49115 2.51 55.3 AL 85 4.22 0.248 257 58 92 1989 50516 1.63 62.7 NL 69 4.13 0.250 149 110 127 2008 41888 1.83 61.4 milliolns millions Year Average X13 X 14 1989 $512,930 1990 $578,930 1991 $891,188 1992 $1,084,408 1993 $1,120,254 1994 $1,188,679 1995 $1,071,029 1996 $1,176,967 1997 $1,383,578 1998 $1,441,406 1999 $1,720,050 2000 $1,988,034 2001 ###### 2002 ###### 2003 ###### 2004 ###### 2005 ###### 2006 ###### 2007 ###### 2008 $3,154,845 2009 ###### 2010 ###### 3.22 34.9
