Bart is ticked off. To make time for more standardized testing, the public school he attends has decided to reduce recess to three minutes a day. To protest the school's decision, he publishes a one-page flyer that says "Recess Rules! Standardized Testing Drools." As he has seen many other community activists do before, he takes his flyers to the town square, where he peacefully offers copies to passerby. Which of the following acts probably violates his First Amendment rights?

• A police officer politely orders Bart to stop distribution and go home
• A local merchant, an ardent support of standardized testing, angrily rips the flyers out of Bart's hands and shreds them
• Bart's mother, embarrassed by the all the hullabaloo, confiscates the flyers and grounds him for two weeks
• All of the above