1. Based on a sample of 49 drivers who regularly drive to Montreal from St Catharines for the last 9 months, their average time for the trip is 6.72 hours with a standard deviation of 0.81. A friend who has to go to Montreal asks you how long it will take for them to drive there. If you want to be 95% certain that you give an estimate that will contain the true population mean, what would you tell them?

1. You have likely heard people talk about how COVID is no more dangerous than the flu and that a comparable number of people die from the flu each year and that mitigation efforts such as physical distancing, hand washing, using masks etc. do not work.You hypothesize that the recommendations for reducing the spread of COVID (wear masks, hand washing etc.) should also reduce the incidence of the flu because it is transmitted in a similar way.You find that hospitals in Ontario admitted an average of 27.8 people for treatment of the flu in the month of December over the last 20 years (i.e., 2000-2020).A survey of 15 hospitals in March 2021 reported that they had admitted an average of 3.2 people (st dev = 1.3) What would you conclude (i.e., Do these measures appear to be effective in reducing transmission of respiratory diseases)? What is the effect size?

1. It has been reported consistently over the last few decades that the age at which people get married for the first time has been going up (i.e. people are older when they get married for the first time). The mean age for people getting married in 1960 was 22.4, but this has risen to 28.8 by 2010. However, you think this trend has changed very recently (over the last 10 years). You obtain the records for the 40 marriages in your town that occurred during the last year and find that the average age in 2020 was 27.3 (st dev = 3.06). What would you conclude? What is the effect size?

1. You wish to determine if children's attention span has changed.A very large scale study in 1980 found that 10 year old children could attend to a task for an average of 15.6 minutes (SD = 3.4).You test 25 children and find that their average attention span is 14.8 minutes (SD = 2.8).Would you perform a 1 or 2 tailed test (why?)?What is the appropriate test to use (provide all required information, i.e. answer all the questions in the diamonds on the chart at the end of chapter 18)note: You do NOT have to actually do the hypothesis test (but you should anyway, it is good practice).