Based on task 8, im unsure what to do to complete task 9 and which variables to use to complete task 9
Nominal ID Numeric None Input 11 Unique Participant Identification Number (Baby ID) None 11 Right Headcirc Numeric 11 Head circumference (cm) None None 11 Right Scale Input 11 Right Scale `Input Length Numeric 11 10 Length of baby (cm) None None 11 2 Birthweight (kg) None None 11 Right Scale \\Input Birthweight Numeric None 10 Right Scale Input but_Ibs Numeric 8 2 Birthweight (lbs) None Numeric 2 Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) None None 8 Right Scale Input weight_5wks 11 Scale Input Gestation Numeric 11 0 Gestational age at birth (weeks) None None Right Numeric 11 Maternal age (yrs) None None 11 Right Scale Input O mage None 10 Numeric 10 Maternal smoking status [0, Non-smoker}... Right Nominal Input smoker 11 Scale Input mheight Numeric 11 0 Maternal height (cm) None None Right Numeric 11 10 Mother's pre-pregnancy weight (kg) None None 11 Right Scale Input mppwt None 11 Right Scale Input fage Numeric 11 Father's age (yrs) None 11 0 Years father was in education None None 11 Right Scale Input fedyrs Numeric Numeric 11 10 Number of cigarettes smoked per day by father None None 11 Right Scale `Input fnocig 11 0 Father's height (cm) None None 11 Numeric Right Scale ` Input fheight 11 Ordinal Input lowbwt Numeric Low birthweight baby Right 11 10 (0, Not low birthweight)... None Input mnocig Numeric 11 Number of cigarettes smoked per day by mother None None 11 Right Scale mage_cat Numeric CO Maternal age group [0, 30 years and under)... None 12 Right Ordinal ` Input NNOO Numeric Father's Height Category [1.00, 175 cm or shorter). None 10 Right Ordinal Input fat_ht_cat Numeric 8 None 12 Right Scale Input difference Difference Between Birthweight (kg) and Baby weight at 5 weeks old (kg) NoneTask 8 Paired ttest {Thinking About the Research Question} Research Question: Are the weights of babies at 5 weeks old signicanr? diferent from their birthrweight. 1. Independent variable = Age of Baby I Qualitative I 2 levels (Newborn and 5weeks old} 2. Dependent variable = Weight of Baby (kg) (because it depends on the age of the baby} I Quantitative 3. A paired ttest evaluates di'erenees over time for the same test subject. Because the weight of the baby at 5 weeks old is not an independent event from the weight of the baby at birth, a paired ttest is the most appropriate analysis, since it compares differences for the same test subject, which in this case is the weight of the bah}r at birth and their weight at 5 weeks of age- Unpaired ttests are appropriate only when we are dealing with two independent events. 4. H0: there is no signicant difference in the weights ofbahies at birth and 5 weeks old 5. When conducting research using the same human subject over time, it is possible that subjects either leave the study before it is m add subjects at advanced timepoints. Therefore, in this case, the 1Valid N [listwise) demonstrates which subjects have data collected for both birth and 5week timepoints, since the statistical analysis that was used requires a comparison of an event for same human For Tasks 8 to 10, you want to determine if the weights of the babies at 5 weeks old significantly differ from their weight at birth. Select the most appropriate variables to use in this analysis and then complete the following tasks. Task 8- Paired t-test (Thinking About the Research Question) Answer these questions succinctly (use the following numbering in your submission; you must not re-write the question): 1. What is the independent variable (IV)? What type of variable (quantitative or qualitative) is the IV? If it is qualitative, state the number of levels (categories) in the variable, according to your analysis. 2. What is the dependent variable (DV)? What type of variable (quantitative or qualitative) is the DV? If it is qualitative, state the number of levels (categories) in the variable, according to your analysis. 3. Briefly explain (in 1-4 sentences) why a paired t-test is the most appropriate analysis for this research question. 4. What is the null hypothesis for this research question? Write this in words only (statistical notation not necessary). 5. Consider the following descriptive statistics table generated from these data in Part_2_dataset.sav. You can see that there are 3 different values for N. What does the "Valid N (listwise)" value represent? (Maximum 1 sentence) Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Birthweight (kg) 46 2.05 4.99 3.4076 59516 Baby weight at 5 weeks 47 3.15 6.25 4.7043 78422 old (kg) Valid N (listwise) 44Task 9 - Paired t-test (Assumption Testing) List the assumptions of the paired /-test. Indicate which of these (if any) are testable using SPSS. Perform assumption testing for this analysis. To test the assumption of normality (both graphically and numerically), you should use the Explore function. Insert the relevant output into your assignment document and comment on each - draw conclusions about whether the assumptions have been met overall. Regardless of the outcomes of your assumption testing, suggest at least one alternative action that should be taken if the normality assumption is violated (note: you do not need to do this, just provide a suggestion). Hint #1: there should be four assumptions (see the module lecture slides). Hint #2: you will also need to use the Compute function as part of this task
