Before purchasing these ovens he sold his 2 current ovens to two different buyers. Both paid for the

ovens by cheque, but the first cheque hadtwo lines across it and the words "not negotiable." Joseph is

worried that this cheque is not valid. The second cheque was originally written to a party other than Joseph

and was not endorsed. However, the word "bearer cheque" appears on the front of the cheque. Joseph is

unfamiliar with these instruments and is worried that he has been provided with fraudulent cheques. He asks

you for advice on the interpretation of these two instruments and for your opinion as to their validity.

What is the appropriate law(s) and/or rule(s) that apply to the situation?

Can you help me Identify and explain the appropriate elements or frameworks accompanying such laws and rules?

How can I apply the rules and facts of the case as presented?