Before you take the SPSS Exam Please open the SPSS file time_of_day_data.sav. You will use this file on the SPSS Exam. The general question we seek to answer is how human temperature and reaction time vary throughout the day. Data was collected from 996 people. The variables in the data set are: Gender Age Time_of_day (The time that row of data was collected. Time is measured from 0:00 to 23:59, so 13:45 is 1:45 p.m. The data is converted to decimal form, so 13:45 is 13.75.) Temperature (oral temperature in degrees Fahrenheit) Sheep (The time it took to complete the \"Sheep Tranquilizer Game\midnight? Task: Make a scatterdiagram, where "time of day" is the independent variable and "temperature" is the dependent variable. The lowest temperatur occurs at a time that is closest to 2 p.m. 8 a.m. 8 p.m. 5 a.m. 2 a.m. 5 p.m. 11 p.m. 11 a.m. QUESTION 2 3 points Save Answer Question to answer: At what time of the day is the body temperature highest? When is it lowest? How much dierence is there? Are body temperatures between midnight and noon signicantly dierent than body temperatures between noon and midnight? Task: Make a scatterdiagram, where "time of day" is the independent variable and "temperature" is the dependent variable. The highest temperature occurs at a time that is closest to 12:30 p.m. 3:30 a.m. 9:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m. 6:30 a.m. 12:30 a.m. 9:30 a.m. 6:30 p.m. QUESTION 3 3 points Save Answer Question to answer: At what time of the day is the body temperature highest? When is it lowest? How much dierence is there? Are body temperatures between midnight and noon signicantly dierent than body temperatures between noon and midnight? Task: How many degrees Fahrenheit is the range of the temperature variable? QUESTION 4 3 points Save Answer Question to answer: At what time of the day is the body temperature highest? When is it lowest? How much dierence is there? Are body temperatures between midnight and noon signicantly dierent than body temperatures between noon and midnight? Task: Make a boxplot that compares the a.m. temperatures to the p.m. temperatures. According to the comparative boxplots, which median is higher? a.m. they are equal p.m. can't tell QUESTION 5 4 points Save Answer Question to answer: At what time of the day is the body temperature highest? When is it lowest? How much dierence is there? Are body temperatures between midnight and noon signicantly dierent than body temperatures between noon and midnight? Task: Of all the a.m. temperatures, the mean is , and of all the p.m. temperatures the mean is . (Hint: Use the "Analyze - Compare Means - Independent-Samples T Test" option.) QUESTION 6 4 points Save Answer Question to answer: At what time of the day is the body temperature highest? When is it lowest? How much dierence is there? Are body temperatures between midnight and noon signicantly dierent than body temperatures between noon and midnight? Task: To test whether body temperatures between midnight and noon dier signicantly from temperatures between noon and midnight, which hypothesis test is appropriate? two-sample independent t-test two-sample paired t-test one-sample t test z-test chi-squared test QUESTION 7 10 points Save Answer Question to answer: At what time of the day is the body temperature highest? When is it lowest? How much dierence is there? Are body temperatures between midnight and noon signicantly dierent than body temperatures between noon and midnight? Task: Let 1 = mean a.m. temperature, and let 2 = mean p.m. temperature. Fill in the following information for the hypothesis test H0 : 1 = 2 vs. H1 : 1 2. The test statistic equals (-8.959, -.4492, -2.54, -3, 0) The p-value is closest to what whole number? (0,.0501,.0509,.044) At a 5% signicance level, we should conclude (a,b,c,d) a: the mean a.m. temperature is signicantly dierent than the mean p.m. temperature b: the mean a.m. temperature is not signicantly dierent than the mean p.m. temperature c: the mean a.m. temperature is signicantly less than the mean p.m. temperature d: the mean a.m. temperature is not signicantly less than the mean p.m. temperature QUESTION 8 2 points Save Answer At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Question to answer: Task: Make a scatterdiagram, where "time of day" is the independent variable and "sheep" is the dependent variable. The best reaction time occurs at a time that is closest to 8 p.m. 8 a.m. 2 a.m. 5 p.m. 11 a.m. 5 a.m. 11 p.m. 2 p.m. QUESTION 9 2 points Save Answer At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Question to answer: Task: Make a scatterdiagram, where "time of day" is the independent variable and "sheep" is the dependent variable. The worst reaction time occurs at a time that is closest to 7 p.m. 10 p.m. 1 a.m. 10 a.m. 4 a.m. 1 p.m. 7 a.m. 4 p.m. QUESTION 10 2 points Save Answer At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Question to answer: Task: Make a scatterdiagram, where "time of day" is the independent variable and "baseball" is the dependent variable. The best reaction time occurs at a time that is closest to 11 p.m. 5 a.m. 2 a.m. 11 a.m. 8 p.m. 5 p.m. 8 a.m. 2 p.m. QUESTION 11 2 points Save Answer At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Question to answer: Task: Make a scatterdiagram, where "time of day" is the independent variable and "baseball" is the dependent variable. The worst reaction time occurs at a time that is closest to 8 a.m. 8 p.m. 2 a.m. 5 p.m. 2 p.m. 11 a.m. 11 p.m. 5 a.m. QUESTION 12 2 points Save Answer At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Question to answer: Task: What is an appropriate summary of how the two reaction time tests compare with respect to the best and worst reaction times? Both tests conclude that reaction time is worst in the early morning, but they disagree about when reaction time is best. The two tests do not agree on when reaction time is best and worst. Both tests conclude that reaction time peaks in the late afternoon and is worst in the early morning. Both tests conclude that reaction time peaks in the late afternoon, but they disagree about when reaction time is worst. QUESTION 13 4 points Save Answer At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Question to answer: Task: Regarding "how much dierence is there", ll in the following blanks about the range and IQR of the sheep and baseball data sets. Write the letter that corresponds to the closest answer. a: 2.4 seconds b: 0.6 seconds c: 0.06 seconds d: 0.24 seconds range IQR sheep baseball Which of the following cautions is appropriate? a: Because the sheep data set has an "early penalty", this data set contains signicant outliers. Therefore we should measure variation using range instead of IQR. b: Because the sheep data set has an "early penalty", this data set contains signicant outliers. Therefore we should measure variation using IQR instead of range. c: Because the sheep data set has an "early penalty", this data set contains signicant outliers. Therefore neither the IQR nor the range are appropriate measures of variation. d: Both the IQR and the range are appropriate measures of variation in this context. QUESTION 14 3 points Save Answer At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Question to answer: Task: Make a comparative histogram of the sheep data, that compares the a.m. and p.m. reaction times. Which is the best summary? The distributions of both the a.m. and p.m. sheep reaction times are skewed right with upper outliers. The distributions of both the a.m. and p.m. sheep reaction times are skewed left with upper outliers. The centers of the a.m. and p.m. sheep reaction time distributions are drastically dierent. The distributions of both the a.m. and p.m. sheep reaction times are approximately symmetric. QUESTION 15 3 points Save Answer At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Question to answer: Task: Suppose we want to study 1 2 where 1 is the mean a.m. baseball reaction time and 2 is the mean p.m. baseball reaction time. Which SPSS option is most appropriate? [Analyze - Compare Means - One-Sample T Test] [Analyze - Compare Means - Means] [Analyze - Compare Means - Independent-Samples T Test] [Analyze - Compare Means - Paired-Samples T Test] QUESTION 16 3 points Save Answer At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Question to answer: Task: Make a 95% condence interval for 1 2 where 1 is the mean a.m. baseball reaction time and 2 is the mean p.m. baseball reaction time. Which is the best conclusion? With 95% condence, there is no signicant dierence between the mean a.m. baseball reaction time and the mean p.m. baseball reaction time. We are 95% condent that the mean a.m. baseball reaction time is between .02 seconds and .03 seconds faster than the mean p.m. baseball reaction time. Since 0 is not in the condence interval, we cannot compare the mean a.m. and mean p.m. baseball reaction times with 95% condence. We are 95% condent that the mean p.m. baseball reaction time is between .02 seconds and .03 seconds faster than the mean a.m. baseball reaction time. QUESTION 17 7 points Save Answer Question to answer: At what time of the day does reaction time peak? When is it the worst? How much difference is there? Are reaction times between midnight and noon significantly different than reaction times between noon and midnight? Task: Let 1 = the mean a.m. baseball reaction time and let 2 is the mean p.m. baseball reaction time. Fill in the following information for the hypothesis test H0 : 1 = 2 vs. H1 : 1 2. The type of test statistic appropriate is for 2) The value of the test statistic is The p-value is closest to what number? .03190) At a 5% signicance level, we should conclude (t, z, F, or c where c stands (0, 26.439, 7.147, .02502) (0,.02502,.0035,.01815, (a,b,c,d) a: the mean a.m. baseball reaction time is signicantly dierent than the mean p.m. baseball reaction time b: the mean a.m. baseball reaction time is not signicantly dierent than the mean p.m. baseball reaction time c: the mean a.m. baseball reaction time is signicantly less than the mean p.m. baseball reaction time d: the mean a.m. baseball reaction time is signicantly greater than the mean p.m. baseball reaction time QUESTION 18 5 points Save Answer Is there a strong relationship between the reaction time measurements from the \"Sheep Tranquilizer Game\" and the \"Hit the Baseball Test\"? Question to answer: Task: Compute the medians and IQRs of the Sheep and Baseball data. If "center" is measured by median and "variation" is measured by "IQR", which answer is best? The sheep distribution is centered higher, and has slightly more variation. The sheep distribution is centered higher, but has slightly less variation. The sheep distribution is centered lower, but has slightly more variation. The sheep distribution is centered lower, and has slightly less variation. QUESTION 19 5 points Save Answer Is there a strong relationship between the reaction time measurements from the \"Sheep Tranquilizer Game\" and the \"Hit the Baseball Test\"? Question to answer: Task: Make a scatterplot whose independent variable is "baseball_not_high" and whose dependent variable is "sheep_not_high". (We are not using the original baseball and sheep variables because we don't want to analyze the extremely high values due to the sheep penalty that is part of that reaction time test.) Include the least-squares line with the scatterplot. The correlation coecient is closest to .1 .69 .62 .38 .14 QUESTION 20 5 points Save Answer Question to answer: Is there a strong relationship between the reaction time measurements from the \"Sheep Tranquilizer Game\" and the \"Hit the Baseball Test\"? Task: Make a scatterplot whose independent variable is "baseball_not_high" and whose dependent variable is "sheep_not_high". (We are not using the original baseball and sheep variables because we don't want to analyze the extremely high values due to the sheep penalty that is part of that reaction time test.) Include the least-squares line with the scatterplot. Which of the following conclusions is appropriate? At a certain time, if someone has a sheep reaction time of .3 seconds, we predict that their baseball reaction time would be .307 seconds. At a certain time, if someone has a baseball reaction time of .997 seconds, we predict that their sheep reaction time would be 1.3 seconds. At a certain time, if someone has a sheep reaction time of 1.3 seconds, we predict that their baseball reaction time would be .997 seconds. At a certain time, if someone has a baseball reaction time of .3 seconds, we predict that their sheep reaction time would be .307 seconds. QUESTION 21 5 points Save Answer Is there a strong relationship between the reaction time measurements from the \"Sheep Tranquilizer Game\" and the \"Hit the Baseball Test\"? Question to answer: Task: Make a scatterplot whose independent variable is "baseball_not_high" and whose dependent variable is "sheep_not_high". (We are not using the original baseball and sheep variables because we don't want to analyze the extremely high values due to the sheep penalty that is part of that reaction time test.) Include the least-squares line with the scatterplot. Which of the following is an interpretation of the slope of the least-squares line? If the baseball time increases by .1 seconds, we predict the sheep time will increase by .069 seconds. If the baseball time increases by .1 seconds, we predict the sheep time will increase by 1 second. If the sheep time increases by .1 seconds, we predict the baseball time will increase by .069 seconds. If the sheep time increases by .1 seconds, we predict the baseball time will increase by 1 second. QUESTION 22 10 points Save Answer Is there a strong relationship between the reaction time measurements from the \"Sheep Tranquilizer Game\" and the \"Hit the Baseball Test\"? Question to answer: Task: Make comparative boxplots for the "sheep_not_high" and "baseball_not_high" variables. Double click on the graph and select [Options Show Gridlines - Both major and minor ticks ] Which of the following statements can you use the boxplots to conclude? (Select all correct answers.) More sheep data takes longer than .25 seconds than baseball data. The sheep median is slower than the baseball median. More than 75% of the baseball data is quicker than .3 seconds. Approximately 25% of the sheep data is slower than .3 seconds. More sheep data takes longer than .2 seconds than baseball data. Disregarding outliers, all sheep and baseball data is between .2 and .4 seconds. QUESTION 23 Question to answer: 4 points On average, is the human body temperate 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit? Save Answer Task: Make a dotplot of the temperature data. Which statement is true? The temperature distribution is uniform. The temperature distribution is symmetric. The temperature distribution is skewed left. The temperature distribution is skewed right. QUESTION 24 Question to answer: 4 points Save Answer On average, is the human body temperate 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit? Task: Which of the following measures of center of the temperature data are less than 98.6? Select all correct answers. All three measures of center (mean, median, mode) are at least 98.6. mean mode median QUESTION 25 4 points Save Answer Question to answer: On average, is the human body temperate 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit? Task: Make a boxplot of the temperature data. (Add gridlines to the boxplot.) Which of the following can be concluded based on this boxplot? Select all correct answers. More than 75% of the temperature data is less 98.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature data has both upper and lower outliers. 98% of the temperatures are less than 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit. More temperatures are less than 98 degrees Fahrenheit than greater than 98 degrees Fahrenheit QUESTION 26 4 points Save Answer Question to answer: On average, is the human body temperature 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit? Task: Let = the mean temperature. Which SPSS option is most appropriate for the hypothesis test H0 : = 98.6 vs. H1 : 98.6 ? [Analyze - Compare Means - One-Way Anova] [Analyze - Compare Means - One-Sample T Test] [Analyze - Compare Means - Independent-Samples T Test] [Analyze - Compare Means - Paired-Samples T Test] QUESTION 27 Question to answer: 6 points Save Answer On average, is the human body temperature (measured orally) equal to 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Task: Make a 95% condence interval for the mean temperature. With this condence interval, which of the following conclusions can be made? Select all answers that apply. We are 95% condent that the mean oral temperature is between 97.7 and 97.8 degrees Fahrenheit. 95% of all oral temperatures are between 97.7 and 97.8 degrees Fahrenheit. We are 95% condent that the mean oral temperature is signicantly dierent than 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. This condence interval does not help us know whether or not on average, the mean oral human body temperature is close to 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. QUESTION 28 Question to answer: 8 points Save Answer On average, is the human body temperature equal to 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Task: Let = the mean temperature. Fill in the following information for the hypothesis test H0 : = 98.6 vs. H1 : 98.6. (t, z, F, or c where c stands for 2) The type of test statistic appropriate is The value of the test statistic is (0, -32.769, -.8412, .0257, 97.759) The p-value is closest to what whole number? (0, -32.769, -.8412, .0257, 97.759) At a 5% signicance level, we should conclude (a,b,c,d) a: The mean oral temperature is not signicantly dierent than 98.6. b: The mean oral temperature is signicantly dierent than 98.6. c: The mean oral temperature is signicantly less than 98.6. d: The mean oral temperature is not signicantly less than 98.6. QUESTION 29 Question to answer: 4 points Save Answer Is there a relationship between gender and reaction time? Task: Make a comparative histogram of the Baseball reaction time data, separated by gender. Use the comparative histograms to answer f (for female) or m (for male) in each blank. Which gender's reaction time distribution has the highest measure of center? Which gender's reaction time distribution has the highest measure of variation? One of these distributions has a standard deviation of .26 seconds, and one has a standard deviation of .25 seconds. Which one has a standard deviation of .25 seconds? A general answer to the question "Is there a relationship between gender and reaction time?" is that the gender with the slower reaction times, when measured by the baseball data is . QUESTION 30 4 points Is there a relationship between gender and reaction time? Question to answer: Save Answer Task: To analyze the how the sheep reaction time data compares between the genders, which type of graphs would make sense to make? Select all possible answers. comparative histograms comparative pie graphs comparative stem-and-leaf plots scatterplot comparative boxplots QUESTION 31 Question to answer: 6 points Save Answer Is there a relationship between gender and reaction time? Task: Suppose we want to study 1 2 where 1 is the mean female baseball reaction time and 2 is the mean male baseball reaction time. Which SPSS option is most appropriate? [Analyze - Compare Means - Means] [Analyze - Compare Means - Independent-Samples T Test] [Analyze - Compare Means - One-Sample T Test] [Analyze - Compare Means - Paired-Samples T Test] QUESTION 32 Question to answer: 6 points Save Answer Is there a relationship between gender and reaction time? Task: Make a 95% condence interval for 1 2 where 1 is the mean female baseball reaction time and 2 is the mean male baseball reaction time. Which choices is are correct interpretation of the condence interval? Select all correct answers. Since 0 is not contained in the 95% condence interval, we can conclude (at a 5% signicance level) that the mean female and mean male baseball reaction times are not signicantly dierent. Since 0 is contained in the 95% condence interval, we can conclude (at a 5% signicance level) that the mean female and mean male baseball reaction times are not signicantly dierent. Since 0 is not contained in the 95% condence interval, we can conclude (at a 5% signicance level) that the mean female and mean male baseball reaction times are signicantly dierent. We are 95% condent that females are between .02 seconds and .04 seconds faster than males on the baseball reaction time test. We are 95% condent that females are between .004 seconds and .02 seconds slower than males on the baseball reaction time test. We are 95% condent that females are between .004 seconds and .02 seconds faster than males on the baseball reaction time test. Since 0 is contained in the 95% condence interval, we can conclude (at a 5% signicance level) that the mean female and mean male baseball reaction times are signicantly dierent. We are 95% condent that females are between .02 seconds and .04 seconds slower than males on the baseball reaction time test. QUESTION 33 10 points Save Answer Question to answer: Is there a relationship between gender and reaction time? Task: Let 1 = the mean female baseball reaction time and let 2 is the mean male baseball reaction time. Fill in the following information for the hypothesis test H0 : 1 = 2 vs. H1 : 1 2. The type of test statistic appropriate is for 2) The value of the test statistic is The p-value is closest to what number? (t, z, F, or c where c stands (27.139, 0, 3.325, .001, .01083) (27.139, 0, 3.325, .001, .01083) At a 5% signicance level, we should conclude (a,b,c,d) a: the mean female baseball reaction time is signicantly greater than the mean male basseball reaction time b: the mean female baseball reaction time is not signicantly dierent than the mean male basseball reaction time c: the mean female baseball reaction time is signicantly less than the mean male baseball reaction time d: the mean female baseball reaction time is signicantly dierent than the mean male baseball reaction time QUESTION 34 10 points Save Answer Question to answer: Are the variables ``age\" and \"reaction time\" independent? Task: You have already created an "old_medium_young" variable. Conduct a hypothesis test whose null hypothesis is H0 : old = medium =young , where old, medium, young are the mean baseball reaction times for the old, medium, and young age groups, respectively. The type of test statistic appropriate is for 2) The value of the test statistic is The p-value is closest to what number? .316, .729) At a 5% signicance level, we should conclude (t, z, F, or c where c stands (.002, 0, 2.803, .003, .316, .729) (.002, 0, 2.803, .003, (a,b,c,d) a: There is a signicant dierence between all of the age groups' mean baseball reaction times. b: There is no signicant dierence in the mean baseball reaction times among the old, medium, and young age groups. c: There is a signicant dierence between at least two of the age groups' mean baseball reaction times. d: This test is inconclusive. QUESTION 35 10 points Save Answer Question to answer: Are the variables ``age\" and \"reaction time\" independent? Task: You have already created an "baseball_fast_medium_slow" variable. Conduct a hypothesis test whose null hypothesis is H0 : fast = medium =slow , where fast, medium, slow are the mean ages for the fast, medium, and slow baseball reaction time groups, respectively. The type of test statistic appropriate is for 2) The value of the test statistic is .443) The p-value is closest to what number? (t, z, F, or c where c stands (255.246, 2, 252.432, .506, .603, (255.246, 2, 252.432, .506, .603, .443) At a 5% signicance level, we should conclude (a,b,c,d) a: There is a signicant dierence in the mean ages of the fast, medium and slow baseball reaction time groups. b: There is a signicant dierence in the mean ages of the fast and slow baseball reaction time groups. c: There is a signicant dierence in the mean ages of the fast and medium baseball reaction time groups. d: There is no signicant dierence in the mean ages of the fast, medium and slow baseball reaction time groups. Should you conduct an ANOVA post hoc test? (y, n) QUESTION 36 10 points Save Answer Question to answer: Are the variables ``age\" and \"reaction time\" independent? Task: You have already created a "baseball_fast_medium_slow" variable, and a old_medium_young variable. Conduct a hypothesis test to determine if this categorical baseball reaction time variable and this categorical age variable are independent or not. What is the correct null hypothesis? a: The baseball_fast_medium_slow variable and the old_medium_young variable are independent. b: The baseball_fast_medium_slow variable and the old_medium_young variable are dependent. The type of test statistic appropriate is (t, z, F, or c where c stands for 2) How many degrees of freedom are there? The value of the test statistic is (0, 4, .089, 1, 2.888, 25.667, 25.986) The p-value is closest to what number? (0, 4, .089, 1, 2.888, 25.667, 25.986) At a 5% signicance level, we should conclude (a,b,c) a: The baseball_fast_medium_slow variable and the old_medium_young variable are independent. b: The baseball_fast_medium_slow variable and the old_medium_young variable are dependent. c: This test is inconclusive. Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. Save All Answers Save and Submit