Besides their known long-term effects, do cigarettes also cause short-term illnesses such as colds? To help answer this question, a sample of 231 smokers was drawn. Each person was asked to report the average number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of days absent from work due to colds last year.

The data are stored in Dataset 5 sheet in Exam_Datafile.xls. Using this data set and EXCEL, and no more than 500 words in total, answer the following questions.

LINK https://www.mediafire.com/file/xut33cihpcpbwsl/STA510+Exam_Datafile.xlsx/file

(a)Prepare a numerical summary output for the two variables; cigarettes smoked and days absent, and explain the key numerical descriptive measures. (2 marks)

(B)Comment on the shape of the distribution of the two variables; cigarettes smoked and days absent. (1 mark)

(C)Test the hypothesis that the population mean days absent is less than 14 (hint: use a 5% level of significance and use the 6 steps procedure to perform this test). (2 marks)

(D)If the researcher claims that the population mean days absent is greater than 14, do you agree with that? Explain why. (2 marks)

(E)If the researcher wants to examine the association between cigarettes smoked and days absent, what is the dependent variable and independent variable for this analysis? Why? (1 mark)

(F)Present an appropriate plot to investigate the relationship between cigarettes smoked and days absent. Comment on the relationship between the two variables. (2 marks)

(G)Using an appropriate numerical descriptive measure, comment on the strength and the direction of the linear relationship between cigarettes smoked and days absent. (2 marks)

(H)Estimate the relationship between cigarettes smoked and days absent using a linear regression model and display the regression summary output table. What do the estimated regression coefficients reveal about the relationship between cigarettes smoked and days absent? (3 marks)

(I) Comment on the fitness of the estimated model. (2 mark)

(J) Test whether a linear relationship exists between cigarettes smoked and days absent at the 5% significance level (hint: use a 5% level of significance and use the 6 steps procedure to perform this test). (2 marks)

(K)Based on your answers to (a) to (j) above, write a research report (of maximum 250 words) for the head of research division of your company, summarizing your findings. (8 marks)