Between-groups degrees of freedom is calculated by ___.

subtracting 1 from the total number of subjects in the study

multiplying the number of subjects by the number of conditions in the study and then subtracting 1

subtracting 1 from the total number of groups in the study

subtracting 1 from the number of subjects within each group and then adding those numbers together

Tests of within-subjects contrasts are performed following _____.

a significant one-way repeated-measures ANOVA

a significant one-way factorial ANOVA

a significant main effect in a two-way factorial ANOVA

a significant interaction effect in a two-way factorial ANOVA