Bronco Chemical uses a standard cost system to account for the costs of its production of Chemical X. As per the standard cost card, standards for direct material and direct labor are:

Direct material: 2.9 gallons at $120 per gallon, and

Direct labor: 25 hours of labor at a standard wage rate of $27.

During September, Bronco produced 3,200 gallons of Chemical X. During September, Bronco purchased and used 3,720 gallons of direct material at a total cost of $450,180 and used 26,180 hours of direct labor for a total labor cost of $317,730.

a. Calculate the direct materials price variance. (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Indicate the effect of variance by selecting "Favorable", "Unfavorable", or "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)

b. Calculate the direct materials quantity variance. (Indicate the effect of variance by selecting "Favorable", "Unfavorable", or "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)

c. Calculate the direct labor rate variance. (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Indicate the effect of variance by selecting "Favorable", "Unfavorable", or "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)

d. Calculate the direct labor efficiency variance. (Indicate the effect of variance by selecting "Favorable", "Unfavorable", or "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)