Budgets help managers: a. Communicate directions and goals b. Judge performance c. Motivate employees d. All of the above Before the start of a fiscal year, managers at all levels: a. take into account past performance, market feedback, anticipated future changes and other indicators to initiate plans for the next period. b. Review data to make decisions c. Make strategic plans that have quantitative and qualitative implications d. Review past data to make pro forma budgets