C:2-1 What entities or business forms are available for a new business? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each. C:2-2 Alice and Bill plan to go into business together. They anticipate losses in the first two or three years, which they would like to use to offset income from other sources. They also are concerned about exposing their personal assets to business liabilities. Advise Alice and Bill as to what business form would best meet their needs. C:2-21 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using debt in a firms capital structure? C:2-31 Transfer of Property and Services to a Controlled Corporation. In 2010, Ed, Fran, and George form Jet Corporation. Ed contributes land having a $35,000 FMV purchased as an investment in 2006 for $15,000 in exchange for 35 shares of Jet stock. Fran contributes machinery (Sec. 1231 property) purchased in 2006 and used in her business in exchange for 35 shares of Jet stock. Immediately before the exchange, the machinery had a $45,000 adjusted basis and a $35,000 FMV. George contributes services worth $30,000 in exchange for 30 shares of Jet stock. a. What is the amount of Eds recognized gain or loss? b. What is Eds basis in his Jet shares? When does his holding period begin? c. What is the amount of Frans recognized gain or loss? d. What is Frans basis in her Jet shares? When does her holding period begin? e. How much income, if any, does George recognize? f. What is Georges basis in his Jet shares? When does his holding period begin? g. What is Jets basis in the land and the machinery? When does its holding period begin? How does Jet treat the amount paid to George for his services? h. How would your answers to Parts a through g change if George instead contributed $5,000 in cash and services worth $25,000 for his 30 shares of Jet stock? C:2-33 Control Requirement. In which of the following exchanges is the Sec. 351 control requirement met? If the transaction does not meet the Sec. 351 requirements, suggest ways in which the transaction can be structured so as to meet these requirements. a. Fred exchanges property worth $50,000 and services worth $50,000 for 100 shares of New Corporation stock. Greta exchanges $100,000 cash for the remaining 100 shares of New stock. b. Maureen exchanges property worth $2,000 and services worth $48,000 for 100 shares of Gemini Corporation stock. Norman exchanges property worth $50,000 for the remaining 100 shares of Gemini stock. C:2-36 Control Requirement. In which of the following exchanges is the Sec. 351 control requirement met? If the transaction does not meet the Sec. 351 requirements, suggest ways in which the transaction can be structured so as to meet these requirements. a. Fred exchanges property worth $50,000 and services worth $50,000 for 100 shares of New Corporation stock. Greta exchanges $100,000 cash for the remaining 100 shares of New stock. b. Maureen exchanges property worth $2,000 and services worth $48,000 for 100 shares of Gemini Corporation stock. Norman exchanges property worth $50,000 for the remaining 100 shares of Gemini stock. C:2-44 D Transfer of Business Properties. Jerry transfers property having a $32,000 adjusted basis and a $50,000 FMV to Emerald Corporation in exchange for all of Emeralds stock worth $15,000 and Emeralds assumption of a $35,000 mortgage on the property. a. What is the amount of Jerrys recognized gain or loss? b. What is Jerrys basis in the Emerald stock? c. What is Emeralds basis in the property? d. How would your answers to Parts a through c change if the mortgage assumed by Emerald were $15,000 and the Emerald stock were worth $35,000