Calculate JPM's 2019 debt to equity ratio based on the information presented below. Explain why you included/excluded certain items from numerator and denominator. Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 b. 1,562,431 183,675 1,470,666 182,320 40,920 119,277 210,407 17,841 291,498 2,426,049 69,276 144,773 196,710 20,241 282,031 2,366,017 Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions 2 Liabilities 3 Deposits (included $28,589 and $23,217 at fair value) Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements 4 (included $549 and $935 at fair value) 5 short-term borrowings (included $5,920 and $7,130 at fair value) 6 Trading liabilities 7 Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $3,728 and $3,269 at fair value) 8. Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included $36 and $28 at fair value) 9 Long-term debt (included $75,745 and $54,886 at fair value) 10 Total liabilities 11 Stockholders' equity Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares: issued 2,699,250 and 12 2,606,750 shares) Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895 shares) 13 14 Additional paid-in capital 15 Retained earnings 16 Accumulated other comprehensive income/loss 17 Shares held in restricted stock units ("RSU") trust, at cost (472,953 shares) 18 Treasury stock, at cost (1,020,912,567 and 829,167,674 shares) 19 Total stockholders' equity 26,993 26,068 4,105 4,105 88,522 223,211 1,569 (21) (83,049) 261,330 89,162 199,202 (1,507) (21) (60,494) 256,515 Calculate JPM's 2019 debt to equity ratio based on the information presented below. Explain why you included/excluded certain items from numerator and denominator. Dec 31, 2019 Dec 31, 2018 b. 1,562,431 183,675 1,470,666 182,320 40,920 119,277 210,407 17,841 291,498 2,426,049 69,276 144,773 196,710 20,241 282,031 2,366,017 Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions 2 Liabilities 3 Deposits (included $28,589 and $23,217 at fair value) Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements 4 (included $549 and $935 at fair value) 5 short-term borrowings (included $5,920 and $7,130 at fair value) 6 Trading liabilities 7 Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $3,728 and $3,269 at fair value) 8. Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included $36 and $28 at fair value) 9 Long-term debt (included $75,745 and $54,886 at fair value) 10 Total liabilities 11 Stockholders' equity Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares: issued 2,699,250 and 12 2,606,750 shares) Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895 shares) 13 14 Additional paid-in capital 15 Retained earnings 16 Accumulated other comprehensive income/loss 17 Shares held in restricted stock units ("RSU") trust, at cost (472,953 shares) 18 Treasury stock, at cost (1,020,912,567 and 829,167,674 shares) 19 Total stockholders' equity 26,993 26,068 4,105 4,105 88,522 223,211 1,569 (21) (83,049) 261,330 89,162 199,202 (1,507) (21) (60,494) 256,515