Calculate the cash dividends required to be paid for each of the following preferred stock issues:

Required:

a. The semiannual dividend on 7% cumulative preferred, $46 par value, 5,600 shares authorized, issued, and outstanding.

b. The annual dividend on $2.25 cumulative preferred, 100,000 shares authorized, 60,000 shares issued, 53,000 shares outstanding. Last year's dividend has not been paid.

c. The quarterly dividend on 13.0% cumulative preferred, $80 stated value, $103 liquidating value, 72,000 shares authorized, 62,400 shares issued and outstanding. No dividends are in arrears.