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Using Psychology to Become a Life-Long Learner A In this module, we look beyond this class and remind you about a big-picture goal of a college education. We also introduce our last study strategy of the semester: learning by teaching. The Ultimate Goal A+ College puts so much emphasis on short-term measures of achievement (tests, assignments, papers, etc.) that college students understandably get preoccupied with these tasks and forget the ultimate goal of a college education: to remember the information from your classes for the rest of your life and apply that knowledge in the real world. Based on what we know about memory, however, college is not optimized to achieve this goal. Students learn a large amount of information in a short amount of time, are tested on that material, and memory of that material likely fades shortly after the exam. This puts the burden on students to keep their memory for course concepts sharp so they can apply the material in their careers and daily lives. Again, our understanding of learning and memory can help. Consider the learning curves in the line graph below where the percentage of information retained in memory (y-axis) is plotted as a function of the passage of time (x-axis). 100 80 Normal Spaced Learning Learning Curve Curve 60 40 20 Practice Test Adapted from Thalheimer, W. (2006). Spacing Learning Events Over Time: What the Research Says. Work-Learning Research, Inc. Reactivation Curve Spaced Forgetting Curve Normal Forgetting Curve There's a lot of information packed into this image, so let's look at one thing at a time. Every white dot is a study session, and every black dot is a test on the material. First, look at the "Normal Learning Curve." This is the typical learning curve that results when students study a large amount of information in a short amount of time. Once students are tested on the material (the vertical black line) they forget the material quickly. Compare that to the "Spaced Learning Curve" where someone is using the distributed and spaced study strategy. Students still forget material after the exam, but the forgetting curve is not as steep. But the best strategy for long-term memory is combining the distributed and spaced study strategy with additional study sessions even after you are tested on the material. The "Reactivation Curve" shows how knowledge of material can remain high if you study and test yourself repeatedly. This is why most important jobs have annual certifications. For example, physicians need to retake the Medical Licensure Exam for "Board Certification" every eight years. Also, clinical psychologists have continued education requirements that need to be completed to stay licensed so that they can see clients. Because of this, we are confident that their memory for diagnosis and treatment remains high because they are being tested on the information even after they receive their graduate degrees.