Case 2 You have just graduated from the MBA program of a large university, and one of your favorite courses was "Today's Entrepreneurs." In fact, you enjoyed it so much you have decided you want to "be your own boss." While you were in the master's program, your grandfather died and left you $1 million to do with as you please. You are not an inventor, and you do not have a trade skill that you can market; however, you have decided that you would like to purchase at least one established franchise in the fast-foods area, maybe two (if profitable). The problem is that you have never been one to stay with any project for too long, so you figure that your time frame is 3 years. After 3 years you will go on to something else. You have narrowed your selection down to two choices: (1) Franchise L. Lisa's Soups, Salads, & Stuff, and (2) Franchise S, Sam's Fabulous Fried Chicken. The net cash flows shown below include the price you would receive for selling the franchise in Year 3 and the forecast of how each franchise will do over the 3-year period. Franchise L's cash flows will start off slowly but will increase rather quickly as people become more health conscious, while Franchise S's cash flows will start off high but will trail off as other chicken competitors enter the marketplace and as people become more health conscious and avoid fried foods. Franchise L serves breakfast and lunch, while Franchise S serves only dinner, so it is possible for you to invest in both franchises. You see these franchises as perfect complements to one another: You could attract both the lunch and dinner crowds and the health conscious and not so health conscious crowds without the franchises directly competing against one another. Here are the net cash flows (in thousands of rupees): Expected net cash flows Year Franchise L Franchise S 0 (Rs 100) (Rs 100) 10 70 1 60 50 2 80 20 3 INVESTMENT DECISION Chapter 6 these cash flows. a c 381) Depreciation, salvage values, net working capital requirements, and tax effects are all included in You also have made subjective risk assessments of each franchise and concluded that both franchises have risk characteristics that require a return of 10%. You must now determine whether one or both of the franchises should be accepted. What is capital budgeting? What is the difference between independent and mutually exclusive projects? (1) Define the term net present value (NPV). What is each franchise's NPV? 2) What is the rationale behind the NPV method? According to NPV, which franchise or franchises should be accepted if they are independent Mutually exclusive? (3) Would the NPVs change if the cost of capital changed? d (1) Define the term internal rate of return (IRR). What is each franchise's IRR? (2) How is the IRR on a project related to the YTM on a bond? (3) What is the logic behind the IRR method? According to IRR, which franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? (4) Would the franchises' IRRs change if the cost of capital changed? e (1) Draw NPV profiles for Franchises L and S. At what discount rate do the profiles cross? (2) Look at your NPV profile graph without referring to the actual NPVs and IRRs. Which franchise or franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? Explain. Are your answers correct at any cost of capital less than 23.6%? (1) What is the underlying cause of ranking conflicts between NPV and IRR? (2) What is the "reinvestment rate assumption," and how does it affect the NPV versus IRR conflict? (3) Which method is the best? Why? 8 (1) Define the term modified IRR (MIRR). Find the MIRRs for Franchises L and S. (2) What are the MIRR's advantages and disadvantages vis--vis the regular IRR? What are the MIRR's advantages and disadvantages vis--vis the NPV? marilion at the uncoming