Chapter 1 Terms

1. Chemical Property: a property of a substance relating to it chemical reactivity
2. Accuracy: the degree of agreement between the true value and the measured value
3. Chemical Reaction: a chemical change that occurs when two or more substances combine to form a new substance
4. Chemistry: the study of matter, its chemical and physical properties, the chemical and physical changes it undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany those processes
5. Compound: a substance resulting from the combination of two or more elements in definite, reproducible way
6. Concentration: a measure of the number or mass of particles of a substance that are contained in a specified volume
7. Data: individual result of a single measurement or observation
8. Density: It is the mass of a given substance per unit volume.
9. Element: a pure substance consisting only of atoms that all have the same numbers of protons in their nuclei. An element cannot be further separated into simpler substances.
10. Energy: the quantitative property that must be transferred to a body or physical system to perform work on the body, or to heat it.
11. Error: the difference between measured (or observed) result and the true (most probable) result
12. Extensive Property: a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
13. Gaseous State: State of matter which has no defined volume or shape. It has relatively low density and viscosity; relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature; the ability to diffuse readily and uniformly
14. Heterogeneous Mixture: mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.
15. Homogeneous Mixture: a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture
16. Hypothesis: an assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true. It is an explanation yet to be proven.
17. Intensive Property: a physical quantity whose value does not depend on the amount of the substance for which it is measured
18. Kinetic Energy: an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion
19. Law: a variation of the first law of thermodynamics and conservation of energy
20. Liquid State: the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility
21. Mass: a quantity of matter
22. Matter: any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume
23. Mixture: a material made up of two or more different chemical substances which are not chemically combined
24. Physical Change: recognizable difference in the appearance of a substance without causing any change in its composition or identity
25. Physical Property: a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition
26. Potential Energy: the energy due to position, composition, or arrangement
27. Precision: a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another
28. Properties: a characteristic of a substance that can be observed in a chemical reaction
29. Pure Substance: elements or compounds, and mixtures may be either homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (nonuniform composition)
30. Result: the end of a scientific experiment
31. Scientific Method: the process of developing hypotheses to explain observations and the design of experiments to test those hypotheses.
32. Scientific Notation: the representation of a number that is greater than 1 and less than 10 which is multiplied by 10 raised to the power of a whole number.
33. Significant figures: all digits in a number representing data or results that are known with certainty plus one uncertain digit.
34. Solid State: particles that are close together and often have a regular and predictable pattern of particle arrangement (crystalline), a solid has both fixed volume and fixed shape
35. Specific Gravity: the ratio of the density of any substance to the density of some other substance taken as standard
36. Temperature: the degree of hotness of an object
37. Theory: a hypothesis supported by extensive testing (experimentation) that explains scientific observations and data and can accurately predict new observations and data.
38. Uncertainty: the range of possible values within which the true value of the measurement lies
39. Unit: the quantity of a constant magnitude which is used to measure the magnitudes of other quantities of the same nature
40. Weight: the measure of the force of gravity acting on a body