Chapter 13 Learning Objectives:

13.1 Describe the nature of equilibrium systems

Explain the dynamic nature of a chemical equilibrium

13.2 Derive reaction quotients from chemical equations representing homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions

Calculate values of reaction quotients and equilibrium constants, using concentrations and pressures

Relate the magnitude of an equilibrium constant to properties of the chemical system

13.3 Describe the ways in which an equilibrium system can be stressed

Predict the response of a stressed equilibrium using Le Chteliers principle

13.4 Identify the changes in concentration or pressure that occur for chemical species in equilibrium systems

Calculate equilibrium concentrations or pressures and equilibrium constants, using various algebraic approaches