Ciao Footwear designs and manufactures a high$-$quality line of fashionable shoes that are popular among young professional women. The line is quite expensive$-$and it is sold through specialty shops that handle only this type of fashion shoe $($including competing brands$).$ Ciao will only work with retailers who agree to stock a large variety of sizes and colors of Ciao shoes. They also must agree to promote the Ciao line very aggressively. In return, Ciao agrees not to distribute its line to other retailers within the specialty shop's immediate trading area. Since continuing promotion seems to be necessary for this highly competitive market, advertisements for Ciao shoes appear regularly in fashion magazines targeted at professional women and on select cable TV broadcasts, including broadcasts of women's tennis tournaments.

a$.$ Product class:

b$.$ "Ideal" market exposure:

c$.$ Why?

James River Paper $($JRP$)$ recently introduced Absorb, a new double$-$thick paper towel aimed at families with children. Primarily an industrial products manufacturer, JRP had produced paper towels for a few large grocery chains to sell as their own dealer brand. But Absorb was its first attempt at marketing a consumer product under its own brand. So far, the results are not encouraging. Only a few wholesalers have taken on the line. Most are very reluctant to handle Absorb, claiming that retail shelves are already overcrowded with paper towels.

a$.$ Product class:

b$.$ "Ideal" market exposure:

c$.$ Why?