Cost allocation bases are factors that cost management analysts use to assign indirect costs to cost objects. Ideally, cost-allocation bases should reflect a cause-and-effect relationship between resource spending and use. Ideally, an Activity-Based-Costing (ABC) approach will provide a more accurate and useful accounting for an organization's resources. Recent studies have found that, in spite of increasing costs and diminishing resources, very few Higher Education Institutions use the tools and techniques of an ABC cost allocation system to assign costs to academic departments. While direct costs, such as faculty salaries, are traceable to individual academic departments or courses, many indirect costs, such as facility use, computer use, and student support services, are more difficult to assign. In a traditional approach, many higher education institutions assign such costs based on a single factor, such as the number of courses taught in the university. (Source: Activity-Based Costing for Higher Education Institutions, Management Accounting Quarterly, Winter, 2001)

Required:

(a) Explain why the use of a single-cost driver such as the number of courses may result in inaccurate management information as to the cost of running courses in individual academic departments.

(b) For each of the indirect costs listed below, identify an appropriate cost-driver that might be used to allocate costs to determine the cost of offering a single course in an academic department if an Activity-Based-Costing model were used.

• Computer use
• Facility use
• Student services
• Course design
• Lecturing/class meeting time
• Assignment grading