Currently a share of Globex Industries trades for $65 per share. In one year, Globex’s share price will be $80 with probability 0.62 or $55 with probability 0.38. A riskless bond also exists with a current price of $190. In one year, this bond pays $200 for certain. You can both lend and borrow using this bond. If you borrow one riskless bond, you will receive $190 today in exchange for the promise to repay $200 in one year. The stock and the bond have no other cash flows over the year. In the problems that follow, you are asked to price by no arbitrage three common derivative securities. Approach these problems exactly like the bond examples we did in class. Start by finding a trading strategy in the stock and the bond that exactly matches the payoff of the derivative under all future contingencies (the stock price either rises or fall over the next year). By no arbitrage, the current value of this strategy is the value of the derivative security. 

1. Pricing a European Call Option. Consider a European call option on Globex Industries. This security gives the holder the right to buy a share of Globex in one year (the expiration date) for a pre-specified price X called the strike price. Since the holder is given the right (not the obligation), they will only exercise the option (pay X in exchange for a share of stock in one year) when it is profitable for them. This implies the cash flow of a European call option in one year is max(S1 − X, 0) where S1 is the price of Globex in one year. Consider a European call option which expires in one year and has a strike price of X = 60. What trading strategy in the stock and the bond today will exactly match the payoff of this call option in one year? By no arbitrage, what is the price today of this option? 

2. Pricing a European Put Option. Consider a European put option on Globex Industries. This security gives the holder the right to sell a share of Globex in one year (the expiration date) for a pre-specified price X called the strike price. Since the holder is given the right (not the obligation), they will only exercise the option (receive X in exchange for selling a share of stock in one year) when it is profitable for them. This implies the cash flow of a European put option in one year is max(X − S1, 0) where S1 is the price of Globex in one year. Consider a European put option which expires in one year and has a strike price of X = 60. What trading strategy in the stock and the bond today will exactly match the payoff of this put option in one year? By no arbitrage, what is the price today of this option? 

3. Pricing a Forward Contract. Consider a forward contract on Globex Industries. This security gives the holder the obligation to buy a share of Globex in one year for a pre-specified price X called the forward price. A forward contract is different from an option because the holder is obligated to buy the share of Globex in one year at the price of X. If the stock price falls over the next year, the holder of the forward can lose money. The payoff of the forward contract in one year is S1 − X where S1 is the price of Globex in one year. Consider a forward contract that expires in one year with a forward price of X = 60. What trading strategy in the stock and the bond today will exactly match the payoff of this forward contract in one year? By no arbitrage, what is the price today of this forward contract?