Define some potential variables and associated level of measurement. If applicable, identify the dependent and independent variables in a few bullet points?

Prompt of research study.

Securities fraud, a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions based on nefarious information, is a pervasive issue with far-reaching implications. There are implications for more than just individual investors, affecting the integrity of financial markets, the stability of financial institutions, and the overall health of economies. Thousands of securities fraud cases are filed every year, indicating the problem's widespread nature.