Difficult and failed tracheal intubations are among the principal causes of anesthetic-related mortality and morbidity. Because a good laryngeal view facilitates successful tracheal intubation, new technologies have been introduced to improve visualization. The Pentax AWS is a novel video laryngoscope, available in Japan since 2006, which is designed to facilitate intubation by providing a video image of the glottis. Abdallah et al. conducted a study to examine whether intubation with the Pentax AWS would be easier and faster than with a standard Macintosh laryngoscope with a #4 blade. The sample included 99 adult patients having a body mass index between 30 and 50 kg/m2 who required orotracheal intubation for elective surgery.

The variables collected included: GRP (1=Pentax AWS, 0=Macintosh #4 blade), AGE (years), GENDER (1=male, 0=female), BMI (body mass index in kg/m2), ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status where 1=I, 2=II, 3=III, 4=IV), MALLAMPATI (score predicting ease of intubation where 1=Full visibility of tonsils, uvula and soft palate; 2=Visibility of hard and soft palate, upper portion of tonsils and uvula; 3=Soft and hard palate and base of the uvula are visible; 4=Only hard palate visible), and VIEW (Cormack-Lehane grade of glottic view where 0="not good" Cormack-Lehane grade 1 or 2; 1="good" Cormack-Lehane grade 3 or 4), INTUBTIME (intubation time in seconds), and EASE (actual ease of tracheal intubation where 0=extremely easy and 100=extremely difficult). Note that patients missing data were excluded from the analysis.

For Questions 1-5, examine the computer output of the five different models found at the end of the Quiz 5 Paper Version labeled SAS Output #1--SAS Output #5. Match the output with the most appropriate analysis. You may select each letter (method) more than once, once, or not at all.

SAS Output #1:

SAS Output #2:

SAS Output #3:

SAS Output #4:

SAS Output #5:

a. Multiple linear regression

b. ANCOVA

c. One-way ANOVA

d. Two-way ANOVA with interaction.

e. Two-way ANOVA without an interaction