DTGOV discovers that a number of additional mechanisms and technologies need to be assembled in order to complete its laaS management architecture (Figure 14.5): Network virtualization is incorporated into logical network topologies, and logical network perimeters are established using different firewalls and virtual networks. The VIM is positioned as the central tool for controlling the laas platform and equipping it with self-provisioning capabilities Additional virtual server and cloud storage device mechanisms are implemented through the virtualization platform, while several virtual server images that provide base template configurations for virtual servers are created usage and administration portal remote administration system resource management system resource SNMP and controlling logic VIM (commercial tool with extensions) scripts (custom-built) cloud consumer Web portal logic (custom-built) service monitoring and reporting logic (custom-built) template VM images repository billing system (commercial tool with extensions and customizations) SLA manager (custom- built) SNMP agent (custom-built) usage and administration portal billable pricing repository repository billing management system SLA event repository event scheme SLA management system Figure 14.5 An overview of the DTGOV management architecture Dynamic scaling is added using the VIM's API through the use of automated scaling listeners High-availability virtual server clusters are created using the resource replication, load balancer, failover system, and resource cluster mechanisms. A customized application that directly uses the SSO and IAM system mechanisms is built to enable interoperability between the remote administration system, network management tools, and VIM. DTGOV uses a powerful commercial network management tool that is customized to store event information gathered by the VIM and SLA monitoring agents in an SLA measurements database. The management tool and database are used as part of a greater SLA management system. In order to enable billing processing, DTGOV expands a proprietary software tool that is based on a set of usage measurements from a database populated by pay-per-use monitors. The billing software is used as the base implementation for the billing management system mechanism. Answer the following questions in a substantive manner: 1. Why did DTGOV add dynamic scaling to the infrastructure? 2. What functions do the SSO and IAM perform? 3. Why did DTGOV choose dynamic scaling