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During Heaton Companys first two years of operations, it reported absorption costing net operating income as follows: Year 1 Year 2 Sales (@ $60 per

During Heaton Companys first two years of operations, it reported absorption costing net operating income as follows:

Year 1 Year 2
Sales (@ $60 per unit) $ 900,000 $ 1,500,000
Cost of goods sold (@ $45 per unit) 675,000 1,125,000
Gross margin 225,000 375,000
Selling and administrative expenses* 295,000 325,000
Net operating income $ (70,000) $ 50,000

* $3 per unit variable; $250,000 fixed each year.

The companys $45 unit product cost is computed as follows:

Direct materials $ 9
Direct labor 12
Variable manufacturing overhead 5
Fixed manufacturing overhead ($380,000 20,000 units) 19
Absorption costing unit product cost $ 45

Forty percent of fixed manufacturing overhead consists of wages and salaries; the remainder consists of depreciation charges on production equipment and buildings.

Production and cost data for the first two years of operations are:

Year 1 Year 2
Units produced 20,000 20,000
Units sold 15,000 25,000

Required:

1. Using variable costing, what is the unit product cost for both years?

2. What is the variable costing net operating income in Year 1 and in Year 2?

3. Reconcile the absorption costing and the variable costing net operating income figures for each year.

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