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E 6. In order to generate random bits, operating systems often use real-world events as a source of randomness (e.g., mouse movements, atmospheric noise, thermal
E 6. In order to generate random bits, operating systems often use real-world events as a source of randomness (e.g., mouse movements, atmospheric noise, thermal fluctuations, even the radioactive decay of certain isotopes). Unfortunately, these events may not be uniformly random, so there is often bias in the bits we generate from them. This presents a problem since most randomized algorithms rely on access to unbiased, uniformly random bits. Gen erating uniformly random bits from a stream of arbitrarily-biased bits is sometimes called decorrelation (a) Let GET-BIASED-BIT be a function that returns 1 with probability p (where p is an unknown real number between 0 and 1 exclusive) and returns 0 with probability 1-p. Write a Las Vegas algorithm, GET-UNBIASED-BIT, that returns 1 or 0 with equal (nonzero) probability, using calls to GET-BIASED-BIT as a source of randomness. (b) Assuming that each call to GET-BIASED-BIT takes O(1) time, determine the expected runtime of GET-UNBIASED-BIT as a function of p
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