( e ) Mrs. Bates is an elderly widow living alone who is dependent on her son Norman for advice and support. She has no business experience. Mrs. Bates has no income other than her pension but she does own her own home, which is valued at over $400,000. Norman convinces Mrs. Bates to borrow money to enable him to buy a new hotel business, assuring her that the repayments will be his responsibility; she just needs to sign the papers to back him up as guarantor as the house is in her name.

Mrs. Bates applies to a finance company for a loan of $250,000 to lend to Norman to buy the business. The finance company lends her the money, taking as security a mortgage over her home. The loan documents are signed at the finance companys offices late at night without any explanation from the manager about their legal consequences or the consequences of non- payment of the loan sum. The manager of the finance company refuses to allow her to take the papers away, nor does he suggest that she receive any independent legal advice.

Six months later, Normans business fails and it is revealed that he made only one loan repayment. The finance company is now threatening to sell Mrs. Bates home.

Advise Mrs. Bates of any action she may take under common law contractual principles only and against whom.

Complete the table below to provide advice to Mrs Bates.

PrincipleLawApplication to FactsCase and/or StatuteConclusion