Emma Brand posted the following message in a chat room, "Weaver's Department Store will have to restate its earnings for the past three years. Ben Weaver, the owner, will resign in disgrace because he is responsible." The message is false and Weaver's Department Store shares lose 45% of their value before the company can stop the rumor.

	a.	Brand has committed the tort of defamation.
	b.	Brand has not committed the tort of defamation because there is no publication.
	c.	Brand has not committed defamation because there are no damages to the company, only the shareholders.
	d.	Both b and c
	e.	None of the above