Engaged to Be Motivated Using Gallup survey results, the closing case presents the argument that if you graduate from college you are less likely to be engaged in your work. While technically the statistics support this statement, the case outlines several related factors. Does the problem lie with colleges or with the workplace? Not surprisingly, the answer is both. Some feel this lack of engagement is a sign of students not planning a clear career path. Others feel engaging in one's job is more of a personal decision. Management Update: Ken Royal and Susan Sorenson write in Employees Are Responsible for Their Engagement Too, published in Business Journal, June 16, 2015, "You have a choice in how you respond to daily challenges, and if there's nothing else you can change about a situation, at least you can choose your attitude and approach." Case Question: Consider each of the following perspectives on motivation, needs hierarchy (including the ERG theory), two-factor theory, expectancy theory, equity theory, and goal-setting theory. How does each of these perspectives depend upon learned motivation? On personal motivation