Evaluate whether each statement is true or false and provide a one- or two- sentence explanation

1. In employer-sponsored health insurance in the US, employers pay most of the costs of health insurance.

2. The imposition of federally mandated maternity benefits had no effect on the mean wages of female workers.

3. The primary source of funding for the Medicare program is premiums assessed on the elderly population, which is the primary population enrolled in the program.

4. The primary sources of funding for Medicaid are payroll taxes (paid by workers) dedicated to cover all or most of the costs of Medicaid, and premiums, deductibles, and copayments (paid by patients).

5. Barriers to care erected by managed care organizations, such as requiring patients to visit gatekeeper physicians prior to seeking specialist care, can increase consumer welfare.

6. The ACA requires all health insurance plans to cover essential health benefits and prohibits companies from offering plans that have an actuarial value of less than 60 percent.

7. The ACA's employer mandate says that the only reason employers with more than 50 employees would receive a penalty is if they do not offer health insurance coverage to their employees.

8. The ACA required that all states expand Medicaid eligibility to all nonelderly individuals who earned below 138% of the federal poverty line.

9. The ACA resulted in a large decrease in the rate of people without insurance in the US; this decline primarily came from people gaining insurance through Medicaid expansion.