Financial statements reflect only the book values of the data that analysts use to evaluate a company's performance. To incorporate market values, two additional performance measures were developed$-$market value added $($MVA$)$ and economic value added $($EVA$).$

The EVA metric effectively measures the amount of shareholder wealth that the firm's management has during a specific period of time. A EVA value indicates that the firm's managers have reduced the firm's value, and shareholders might have earned more value by investing in some other investment with the same risk level.

Which performance measure evaluates the amount by which profits exceed or fall short of the cost of capital in any one period?

Economic value added

Market value added

Consider the following case:

Last year, Jackson Tires reported net sales of $$80$ million and total operating costs $($including depreciation$)$ of $$52$ million. It had $$115$ million of investor$-$supplied capital, with an after$-$tax cost of $12\mathrm{.}5\%.$ If the company's tax rate is $25\%,$ how much value did its management create or lose for Jackson Tire during the year?

$$71\mathrm{.}875$ million

$$0\mathrm{.}828$ million

$$45\mathrm{.}625$ million

$$6\mathrm{.}625$ million

According to Jackson Tires's balance sheet, the firm has $$90$ million of total common equity $($common stock plus retained

$\backslash$table$[[$$$306$ million$],[$$$432$ million$],[$$$443$ million$],[$$$360$ million$]]$

million shares of common stock outstanding, and the current stock price is $$30\mathrm{.}00$ What is Jackson Tires's current MVA?