First, describe the concept of "confusion of inverse conditional probabilities". Then, discuss how former Police Chief Flynn's "foot patrol" intervention and Assistant Chief Harpel's experience across the two work shifts relate to the idea of stereotypes and the confusion of inverse conditional probabilities.

Hint: the probabilities of interest here are shown below; think about which of these two conditional probabilities is likely to form the basis of officers' stereotypes about members of the communities that they patrol:

the probability that a particular individual is involved in criminal activity given that the individual is a member of the officer's patrol area, or p (criminal | member of patrol area)

the probability that a particular individual is a member of the patrol area given that they are involved in criminal activity, or p (member of patrol area | criminal).