For each of the following, decide whether it is most likely that the study described is experimental or correlational and explain why. Then find out (list) the variables that the research studies to find out whether those two variables correlate/ associate/relate.

1). You want to know if people who have higher incomes are more likely to be vegetarian. You don't think that income causes vegetarianism (or vice versa) but finding a relationship could lead to a better understanding of the factors that influence or limit people's dietary choices.

2). You want to know if there is any association between the number of children people have and which political party they vote for. You don't think having more children causes people to vote differently it's more likely that both are influenced by other variables such as age, religion, ideology, and socioeconomic status. But a strong relationship could be useful for making predictions about voting patterns.

3). A researcher wants to find out if there is an association between gender and class participation, she observes college seminars, notes the frequency and duration of students' contributions and categorizes them based on gender. She then statistically analyzes the data to determine whether men are more likely to speak up in class than women.

4) A food scientist studies the relationship between the temperature inside people's refrigerators and the amount of bacteria on their food.

5). Dr. Ayanna wants to find out if working hours are related to mental health, she uses official national statistics, health records, and scientific studies from several different countries to find data on average working hours and rates of mental illness. She then statistically analyzes the data to see if countries that work fewer hours have better mental health outcomes.

6). A researcher hypothesizes that passive smoking causes asthma in children. She can't do an experiment to test the hypothesis it would be unethical to deliberately expose some children to passive smoking. But she can do a correlational study to find out if children whose parents smoke are more likely to have asthma than children whose parents don't smoke.

7). An environmental researcher wants to test the theory that greenhouse gas emissions cause global warming. It is not practically possible to do an experiment that controls global emissions over time, but through observation and large-scale data analysis, he can show a strong association that supports the theory.