For this question, let the packet size L = 1000 bytes, the propagation speed s = 2.5 x 108 m/s, the link distance d = 2000 km, and the transmission rate R = 10 Mbps (megabits per second). Assume that 1 Mbyte (megabyte) = 1 x 106 bytes (SI definition). Be mindful of units. Answer these questions:

(a) Write the formula and calculate the propagation delay for a packet on the link.

(b) Write the formula and calculate the transmission delay for a packet on the link.

(c) Ignoring queuing and processing delays, what is the total end-to-end delay if two hosts are connected by 3 links (2 routers) of this type. Assume all links have the same transmission rate and propagation speed, but the links have lengths of 10 m, 1000 km, and 5000 km respectively.