FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1 Read the case study and answer the questions that follow: \begin{tabular}{|l|r|r|} \hline Accounts receivable & 1925000 & 2200000 \\ \hline Cash & 390000 & 140000 \\ \hline Total assets & 16000000 & 12250000 \\ \hline & & \\ \hline EQUITY AND LIABILITIES & & \\ \hline Equity & 5480000 & 3680000 \\ \hline Ordinary share capital & ? & ? \\ \hline Retained earnings & 4500000 & 3800000 \\ \hline Non-current liabilities & 4500000 & 3800000 \\ \hline Loan (20\% p.a.) & 2300000 & 1500000 \\ \hline Current liabilities & 2300000 & 1500000 \\ \hline Accounts payable & ? & ? \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{|l|r|r|} \hline Total equity and liabilities & 16000000 & 12250000 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|} \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{ Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December: } \\ \hline & 2022 & 2021 \\ \hline & R & R \\ \hline Sales & 10800000 & 7150000 \end{tabular} In addition to the above, the following information is available: All sales and purchases of inventory are on credit. Inventories on 31 December 2020 amounted to R1 500000 . Credit terms of 5/10 net 90 days are granted by creditors. Credit terms of 60 days are granted to debtors. Dividends declared for the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2022 amounted to R1 169280 and R1 422000 respectively. The financial manager of Orbit Limited provided the following forecasts for 2023: In addition to the above, the following information is available: All sales and purchases of inventory are on credit. Inventories on 31 December 2020 amounted to R1 500000 . Credit terms of 5/10 net 90 days are granted by creditors. Credit terms of 60 days are granted to debtors. Dividends declared for the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2022 amounted to R1 169280 and R1 422000 respectively. The financial manager of Orbit Limited provided the following forecasts for 2023 : Sales are estimated at 8000 units with a selling price of R1 800 each. The manufacturing costs include direct materials of R460 per unit, direct labour of R315 per unit, variable overheads of R170 per unit and fixed overheads of R880 000. Fixed selling and administration costs are estimated at R2 000000 and the variable selling costs are estimated to be 7.5% of sales. The directors are contemplating diversification in 2024 by entering the passenger transport market. This could be achieved through the purchase of a fleet of midi buses that are expected to cost R9 500000 . An additional R500 000 will be spent on import duties. The cost of operating the buses each year is expected to be R4 100000 and the annual revenues from transporting the passengers are estimated at R7 000000 . The buses are expected to have a total salvage value of R1000000 and the estimated useful life of the buses is five years. The company's cost of capital is expected to reduce to 15%. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method. QUESTION 1 (25 Marks) REQUIRED 1.1 Calculate the increase in the retained earnings over the two-year period. (2 marks) 1.2 By how much did the interest income increase or decrease from 2021 to 2022? Provide a possible reason for the change. (3 marks) 1.3 Comment on the investing activities of the company. (4 marks) 1.4 Calculate the amount that would be reflected as "Changes in working capital" in the Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2022. (4 marks) 1.5 Without making use of any ratios, provide an interpretation of the following over the twoyear period: 1.5.1 Inventories (4 marks) 1.5.2 Accounts receivable (4 marks) 1.6 Calculate the cost (as a percentage) of not accepting discounts from creditors in settlement of accounts. (4 marks) REQUIRED Calculate the appropriate ratios (expressed to two decimal places) and provide an interpretation of your answers for each of the following over the two-year period: 2.1 The effectiveness of the company regarding the management of its accounts payable. (5 marks) 2.2 The ability of the company to settle its short-term debts under distress conditions. (4 marks) 2.3 The percentage of the profit that has been retained in the company. (4 marks) 2.4 The profitability of the company from the point of view of the shareholders. (4 marks) 2.5 A measure of the efficiency with which the total assets of company are managed. (4 marks) 2.6 The effectiveness of the credit administration of the company in respect of its customers who purchase on credit. (4 marks) REQUIRED Refer to the forecasts made by the financial manager for 2023 and calculate the following independently. As far as possible, use the contribution margin format of the income statement to present your answers. 3.1. Break-even quantity. (5 marks) 3.2 The sales value required to make an operating profit of R2016 000, by using the contribution margin ratio. (5 marks) 3.3 The percentage change in the operating profit (expressed to two decimal places), if the selling price and fixed costs increase by 10%. (5 marks) 3.4 The total Contribution Margin and Operating Profit/Loss if the sales volume is 10% below expectation. (5 marks) 3.5 The selling price per unit (expressed in rands and cents) that will enable the company to break even. (5 marks) REQUIRED Refer to the planned diversification for 2024 and calculate the following: 4.1 Payback Period (expressed in years, months and days) (3 marks) 4.2 Accounting Rate of Return on initial investment (expressed to two decimal places) (5 marks) 4.3 Net Present Value (6 marks) 4.4 Internal Rate of Return using interpolation (expressed to two decimal places). (6 marks) 4.5 Internal Rate of Return using interpolation (expressed to two decimal places) if there were no import duties and no salvage value. (5 marks) FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1 Read the case study and answer the questions that follow: \begin{tabular}{|l|r|r|} \hline Accounts receivable & 1925000 & 2200000 \\ \hline Cash & 390000 & 140000 \\ \hline Total assets & 16000000 & 12250000 \\ \hline & & \\ \hline EQUITY AND LIABILITIES & & \\ \hline Equity & 5480000 & 3680000 \\ \hline Ordinary share capital & ? & ? \\ \hline Retained earnings & 4500000 & 3800000 \\ \hline Non-current liabilities & 4500000 & 3800000 \\ \hline Loan (20\% p.a.) & 2300000 & 1500000 \\ \hline Current liabilities & 2300000 & 1500000 \\ \hline Accounts payable & ? & ? \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{|l|r|r|} \hline Total equity and liabilities & 16000000 & 12250000 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|} \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{ Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December: } \\ \hline & 2022 & 2021 \\ \hline & R & R \\ \hline Sales & 10800000 & 7150000 \end{tabular} In addition to the above, the following information is available: All sales and purchases of inventory are on credit. Inventories on 31 December 2020 amounted to R1 500000 . Credit terms of 5/10 net 90 days are granted by creditors. Credit terms of 60 days are granted to debtors. Dividends declared for the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2022 amounted to R1 169280 and R1 422000 respectively. The financial manager of Orbit Limited provided the following forecasts for 2023: In addition to the above, the following information is available: All sales and purchases of inventory are on credit. Inventories on 31 December 2020 amounted to R1 500000 . Credit terms of 5/10 net 90 days are granted by creditors. Credit terms of 60 days are granted to debtors. Dividends declared for the years ended 31 December 2021 and 2022 amounted to R1 169280 and R1 422000 respectively. The financial manager of Orbit Limited provided the following forecasts for 2023 : Sales are estimated at 8000 units with a selling price of R1 800 each. The manufacturing costs include direct materials of R460 per unit, direct labour of R315 per unit, variable overheads of R170 per unit and fixed overheads of R880 000. Fixed selling and administration costs are estimated at R2 000000 and the variable selling costs are estimated to be 7.5% of sales. The directors are contemplating diversification in 2024 by entering the passenger transport market. This could be achieved through the purchase of a fleet of midi buses that are expected to cost R9 500000 . An additional R500 000 will be spent on import duties. The cost of operating the buses each year is expected to be R4 100000 and the annual revenues from transporting the passengers are estimated at R7 000000 . The buses are expected to have a total salvage value of R1000000 and the estimated useful life of the buses is five years. The company's cost of capital is expected to reduce to 15%. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method. QUESTION 1 (25 Marks) REQUIRED 1.1 Calculate the increase in the retained earnings over the two-year period. (2 marks) 1.2 By how much did the interest income increase or decrease from 2021 to 2022? Provide a possible reason for the change. (3 marks) 1.3 Comment on the investing activities of the company. (4 marks) 1.4 Calculate the amount that would be reflected as "Changes in working capital" in the Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2022. (4 marks) 1.5 Without making use of any ratios, provide an interpretation of the following over the twoyear period: 1.5.1 Inventories (4 marks) 1.5.2 Accounts receivable (4 marks) 1.6 Calculate the cost (as a percentage) of not accepting discounts from creditors in settlement of accounts. (4 marks) REQUIRED Calculate the appropriate ratios (expressed to two decimal places) and provide an interpretation of your answers for each of the following over the two-year period: 2.1 The effectiveness of the company regarding the management of its accounts payable. (5 marks) 2.2 The ability of the company to settle its short-term debts under distress conditions. (4 marks) 2.3 The percentage of the profit that has been retained in the company. (4 marks) 2.4 The profitability of the company from the point of view of the shareholders. (4 marks) 2.5 A measure of the efficiency with which the total assets of company are managed. (4 marks) 2.6 The effectiveness of the credit administration of the company in respect of its customers who purchase on credit. (4 marks) REQUIRED Refer to the forecasts made by the financial manager for 2023 and calculate the following independently. As far as possible, use the contribution margin format of the income statement to present your answers. 3.1. Break-even quantity. (5 marks) 3.2 The sales value required to make an operating profit of R2016 000, by using the contribution margin ratio. (5 marks) 3.3 The percentage change in the operating profit (expressed to two decimal places), if the selling price and fixed costs increase by 10%. (5 marks) 3.4 The total Contribution Margin and Operating Profit/Loss if the sales volume is 10% below expectation. (5 marks) 3.5 The selling price per unit (expressed in rands and cents) that will enable the company to break even. (5 marks) REQUIRED Refer to the planned diversification for 2024 and calculate the following: 4.1 Payback Period (expressed in years, months and days) (3 marks) 4.2 Accounting Rate of Return on initial investment (expressed to two decimal places) (5 marks) 4.3 Net Present Value (6 marks) 4.4 Internal Rate of Return using interpolation (expressed to two decimal places). (6 marks) 4.5 Internal Rate of Return using interpolation (expressed to two decimal places) if there were no import duties and no salvage value