from an managerial economics point of view evaluate in the challenges experienced by the airline sector due to the pandemic on the aviation industry

Back to the future? Airline sector poised for change post-COVID-19 By Jaap Bouwer, Steve Saxon, and Nina Wittkamp It's difficult to overstate just how much the COVID-19 pandemic has devastated airlines. In 2020, industry revenues totalled $328 billion, around 40 percent of the previous year's. In nominal terms, that's the same as in 2000. The sector is expected to be smaller for years to come; we project traffic won't return to 2019 levels before 2024. Financial woes aside, the pandemic's longer-term effects on aviation are emerging. Some of these are obvious: hygiene and safety standards will be more stringent, and digitalization will continue to transform the travel experience. Mobile apps will be used to store travelers' vaccine certificates and COVID-19 test results. Other effects, though, are more profound. Unlike the 2008 global financial crisis, which was purely economic and weakened spending power, COVID-19 has changed consumer behavior-and the airline sector-irrevocably. Source: https:/www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-infrastructure/our-insights/back-to-the-future-airline-sector- poisedfor-change-post-covid-19 Answer ALL the questions in this section. Question 1 1.1 Global economic activity is gradually increasing with the continued rolled back of lockdown measures by governments across the world. 1.1.1 Provide an evaluation of challenges experienced by the sector due to the pandemic on the aviation (10 marks) industry. 1.1.2 Given the above, provide an in-depth discussion of implications of the developments in Eastern (10 marks) Europe (Russia-Ukraine war) on the aviation industry. 1.2 As a business consultant within the airline industry, provide an in-depth discussion of the (20 marks) pandemic's impact on the travel and tourism sector and the response action by governments across the world to support this sector