Given P(E,N,R) = P(E)P(N)P(R | E,N) Are E and N independent, given R? (Hint: To show conditional indepen dence, one must show that P(E, NR) = P(ER) P(N|R) (1) is satisfied for all possible combinations of E, N, and R. However, to show conditional dependence, one needs to only show that (1) is not satisfied for one possible combination of E, N, and R.)