Guides to the OSU Libraries APA Citation Guide [PDF version] Introduction This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed. (Washington D.C. American Psychological Association, 2001). Reference items are listed alphabetically at the end of the paper. These same items are referred to in the body of the paper using the In-Text style. For additional examples, please refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed. available in the Reference collections in Thompson (Main) Library; Education, Human Ecology, Psychology, and Social Work Library; and other OSU libraries. (BF76.7 P83 2001). Please note: APA now uses hanging indent formatting in the reference list For In-Text direct quotes, add page numbers: e.g., (Komisar, 1991, p. 13) [Go to Top of Page] Book (one author) Reference: Komisar, L. (1991). The new feminism. New York: Franklin Watts. In-Text: (Komisar, 1991) [Go to Top of Page] Book (two to more authors) Reference: Strunk, W., Jr. & White, E.B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.). New York:Macmillan. In-Text: (two authors): (Strunk & White, 1979) In-Text (three or more authors): (Strunk, White, & Smith, 1979) In-Text (subsequent references): (Strunk et al., 1979) [Go to Top of Page] Book Chapter Reference Roll, W.P. (1976). ESP and memory. In J.M.O. Wheatley & H.L. Edge (Eds.), Philosophical dimensions of parapsychology (pp. 154-184). Springfield, IL: American Psychiatric Press. In-Text (Roll, 1976) [Go to Top of Page] Encyclopedia Article Reference Warren, S.A. (1977). Mental retardation and environment. In International encyclopedia of psychiatry, psychology, psychoanalysis, and neurology (Vol. 7, pp. 202-207). New York Aesculapius Publishers. In-Text: (Warren, 1977) [Go to Top of Page] Journal Article (one author) Reference: Maki, R.H. (1982). Categorization effects which occur in comparative judgment tasks. Memory & Cognition, 10, 252-264. In-Text: (Maki, 1982) [Go to Top of Page] Journal Article (two or more authors) Reference: Atkinson, R.C., & Shiffrin, R.M. (1971). The control of short-term memory. Scientific American, 225, 82-90. In-Text (two authors): (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1971) In-Text (three to five authors): (Smith, Zappella, Rosen, Gustman, & Rock, 1994) In-Text (six or more authors): (Smith et al., 1994) In-Text (subsequent references): (Smith et al., 1994) In-Text (subsequent references in the same paragraph): (Smith et al.) [Go to Top of Page] Magazine Article (one author) Reference: Kandel, E. R. (2000, November 10). Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science, 290, 1113-1120. In-Text: (Kandel, 2000) [Go to Top of Page] Magazine Article (no author) Reference: The blood business. (1992, September 11). Time, 97, 47-48. In-Text: ("The Blood Business," 1992) [Go to Top of Page] Newspaper Article (no author) Reference: Amazing Amazon region. (1989, January 12). New York Times, p. D11. In-Text: ("Amazing Amazon Region," 1989) [Go to Top of Page] Educational Resources Information Center Report (ERIC) Reference: Mead, J.V. (1992). Looking at old photgraphs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing, MI:National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED. 346082). In-Text: (Mead, 1992) [Go to Top of Page] Educational Resources Information Center Report (from E-Subscribe) Reference: Mead, J.V. (1992). Looking at old photgraphs: Investigating the teacher tales that novice teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing, MI:National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. Retrieved Oct. 23, 2001 from E-Subscribe database. In-Text: (Mead, 1992) [Go to Top of Page] Specfic Internet Document Reference: Electronic reference formats recommended by the American Psychological Association. (2000, October 12). Retrieved January 3, 2001 from http://www.apa.org/journals/jwebref.html In-Text: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2000) In-Text (subsequent references): (APA, 2000) [Go to Top of Page] Electronic Article (Journal Article found in a database) Reference: Jacobson, J.W., Mulick, J.A., & Schwartz, A.A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience. American Psychologist, 50, 750-765. Retrieved January 12, 2001, from PsycARTICLES database. In-Text: (Jacobson et al., 1995) [Go to Top of Page] Electronic Article (Exact duplicate of print version) Reference: Vanden, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. In-Text: (Vanden et al., 2001) [Go to Top of Page] Electronic Article (Format modified from print version) Reference: Vanden, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved October 13, 2001, from http://jbr.org/articles.html In-Text: (Vanden et al., 2001) [Go to Top of Page] Other Electronic or Internet Resources Refer to: Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the American Psychological Association http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html [Go to Top of Page] Research and Internet Aids | OSU Libraries Comments to: Fred Roecker, Instruction Office, Ohio State University Libraries Last Update: 3/8/06 COUNTRY RATINGS CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX URL http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results ECONOMIC FREEDOM INDEX 2013 URL http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking FAILED STATES INDEX URL http://www.foreignpolicy.com/failed_states_index_2012_interac tive COUNTRY RANKS 2013 URL http://www.photius.com/rankings/ CIA - THE WORLD FACTBOOK URL https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ GALLUP RATINGS URL http://www.gallup.com/poll/1624/perceptions-foreigncountries.aspx S&P CREDIT RATING INTERACTIVE MAP - Click on the country URL http://chartsbin.com/view/1177 COUNTRY CREDIT RATINGS - ALL RATING AGENCIES - S&P, MOODY'S, FITCH, DAGONG.. 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