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Research conducted by: Emily Zitek and Mindy Ater, Rice University Case study prepared by: Emily Zitek Overview People have different ways of improving their mood when angry. We have all seen people punch a wall when mad, and indeed, previous research has indicated that some people aggress to improve their mood (Bushman, Baumeister & Phillips, 2001). What do the top athletes do when angry? Striegel (1994) found that anger often hurts an athlete's performance and that capability to control anger is what makes good athletes even better. This study adds to the past research and examines the difference in ways to improve an angry mood by gender and sports participation. The participants were 78 Rice University undergraduates, ages 17 to 23. Of these 78 participants, 48 were females and 30 were males and 25 were athletes and 53 were nonathletes. People who did not play a varsity or club sport were considered nonathletes. The 13 contact sport athletes played soccer, football, rugby, or basketball, and the 12 noncontact sport athletes participated in Ultimate Frisbee, baseball, tennis, swimming, volleyball, crew, or dance. The participants were asked to respond to a questionnaire that asked about what they do to improve their mood when angry or furious. Then they filled out a demographics questionnaire. Note: This study used the most recent version of the StateTrait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI2) (Spielberger, Sydeman, Owen & Marsh, 1999) which was modified to create an Angry Mood Improvement Inventory similar to that created by Bushman et al. (2001). Questions to Answer Create a bar graph comparing the mean Control-In score for the athletes and the non-athletes. What would be a better way to display this data? Plot parallel box plots of the Anger Expression Index by sports participation. Does it look like there are any outliers? Which group reported expressing more anger? Does Anger-Out have a positive skew, a negative skew, or no skew? What is the variance of the Control-In scores for the athletes? What is the variance of the Control-In scores for the non-athletes